Chapter 13 Spinal Cord Flashcards
superior end of the spinal cord is located at this bone marking
foramen magnum
inferior end of the spinal cord is located at this bone
L1
what is found in white matter in the spinal cord
myelinated tracts
neuron cell bodies, unmyelinated axons and dendrites create this color tissue in the spinal cord
gray matter
major nerve that exits the brachial plexus that extends down the middle of the forearm
median
collection of nerve roots in the vertebral canal inferior to the end of the spinal cord
cauda equina
tapered inferior end of the spinal cord
conus medullaris
wider sections of the spinal cord because of the number of neurons there that supply the arms and legs
cervical and lumbar enlargements
term for the network of nerve fibers that extend from the ventral rami of spinal nerves
plexus
major nerve that exits the cervical plexus
phrenic
major nerve that exits the brachial plexus that runs down the medial side of the forearm
ulnar
major nerve that exits the lumbar plexus
femoral
major nerve that exits the sacral plexus
sciatic
extension of the pia mater below L1
filum terminale
place where the filum terminale is anchored
coccyx
number of pairs of spinal nerves
31
most superficial meninx that surrounds the spinal cord
dura mater
the middle “tube” in the spinal cord that contains CSF
central canal
what is found in the anterior gray horn of the spinal cord
motor cell bodies
what is found in the dorsal root of the spinal cord
sensory axons
place near the spinal cord where unipolar sensory neuron cell bodies are found
dorsal root ganglion
place near the spinal cord where motor axons are found
ventral root
color of the anterior horn of the spinal cord
gray
color of the anterior columns of the spinal cord
white
are spinal nerves sensory or motor
both
is the ventral root sensory or motor
motor
is the dorsal root sensory or motor
sensory
what is found in the columns of the spinal cords
tracts
is the spinothalamic tract motor or sensory
sensory
is the reticulospinal tract motor or sensory
motor
the name of the major tract that carries impulses from the brain to skeletal muscle
lateral corticospinal tract
name the term for an automatic predictable response to a stimulus
reflex
the effector in the patellar stretch reflex
quadriceps femoris
the receptor in the patellar stretch reflex
muscle spindle
the receptor that sends impulses when a muscle is too contracted
Golgi tendon organ
the nerve that carries both the afferent and efferent impulses for the patellar stretch reflex
femoral
the number of neurons in any stretch reflex
two
the part of the reflex arc that detects the stimulus
receptor
the part of the reflex arc that carries the impulse to the spinal cord
afferent neuron
if this word is used to describe a reflex, you will know that there is an association (integration) neuron in the reflex arc
polysynaptic
another word used to describe a reflex with only two neurons
monosynaptic
what happens to the effector in the Golgi tendon reflex
relaxation
the part of the reflex arc that produces a response
effector
name the receptor in the withdrawal reflex
nociceptor
name the effectors in the withdrawal reflex
flexor muscles
an example of a monosynaptic reflex
stretch reflex
the receptor in the pupillary reflex
photoreceptor
the effector in the pupillary reflex
constrictor pupillae
the nerve that carries efferent fibers for the pupillary reflex
oculomotor
the nerve that carries afferent fibers for the pupillary reflex
optic
name the effector in an autonomic reflex
smooth, cardiac, glands
a negative Babinski sign has which meaning
normal
the term for a segment of skin supplied by a specific spinal nerve
dermatome
what a muscle spindle can detect
stretch
major nerve that exits the brachial plexus and travels along the lateral side of the forearm
radial
major nerve that exits out of the brachial plexus and supplies the biceps brachii muscle
musculocutaneous
major nerve that exits through the lumbar plexus and supplies the quadriceps femoris muscle
femoral
the nerve that innervates the hamstrings originates from this nerve plexus
sacral
the nerve that innervates the diaphragm originates from this plexus
cervical
CSF is found between these meningeal layers around the spinal cord
pia mater & arachnoid
what is found in the central canal of the spinal cord
CSF
