Chapter 6 - Adaptations to Aerobic Endurance Training Programs Flashcards

259
Q

cardiac output is __________.

A

amount of blood pumped out by the heart in liters per minute

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260
Q

stroke volume is ___________

A

the quantity of blood ejected with each heart beat

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261
Q

cardiac output equation is ________ x _________.

A

stroke volume X heart rate

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262
Q

maximal heart rate equation

A

220- age in years.

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263
Q

1 MET = how many ml of oxygen per kg body weight per minute?

A

3.5

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264
Q

fick equation: V02 = ____ X _______

A

q (cardiac output); a V02 difference.

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265
Q

arteriovenous oxygen difference is ____________

A

the difference in oxygen content between arterial and venous blood

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266
Q

tidal volume is the total amount of air ______ and ________ with each breath.

A

inhaled; exhaled

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267
Q

functional unit of the pulmonary system where gas exchange occurs:

A

alveoli

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268
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heart rate

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269
Q

what is myoglobin?

A

a protein that transports oxygen within the cell

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270
Q

Two adaptation that occur at higher altitudes

A

Hyperventilation

Increased cardiac output at rest due to higher heart rate

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271
Q

hyperoxic breathing:

A

breathing oxygen enriched gas mixtures during rest periods or following exercise

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272
Q

blood doping (mechanism)

A

running your blood through EPO and then shuttling it back into your body.

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273
Q

A 17 year old high school cross country runner has been training aerobically for 6 months in preparation for the upcoming season. Which of the following adaptations will occur in the muscle during that time.

increased concentration of glycolytic enzymes

hyperplasia of type II fibers

transformation from type I to Type II fibers

hypertrophy of type I fibers

A

hypertrophy of type I fibers

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274
Q

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during each beat is the ___________

A

stroke volume

275
Q

All of the following normally increase during an aerobic exercise bout EXCEPT

end diastolic volume

cardiac contractility

cardiac output

diastolic blood pressure

A

diastolic blood pressure

276
Q

Primary training adaptations of elite aerobically trained athletes include which of the following?

increased maximal oxygen uptake

decreased blood lactate concentration

increased running economy

decreased capillary density

A

I, II, III

277
Q

The mean arterial pressure is defined as the:

A

average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle

278
Q

which of the following is an early adaptation to acclimatizing to high altitude?

decreased tidal volume

decreased respiration rate

increased resting cardiac output

increased stroke volume

A

increased resting cardiac output

279
Q

During an exercise bout, oxygen delivery to the wroking muscles is mostly a product of an increase in:

total hemoglobin

cardiac output

blood glucose

plasma volume

A

cardiac output

280
Q

All of the following are potential indicators of overtraining EXCEPT:

decreased muscle glycogen stores

increased sleep distrubances

decreased exercise heart rate

increaed resting blood pressure

A

decreased exercise heart rate

281
Q

In response to Aerobic training, resting stroke volume ________ (inc/dec).

A

Increases

282
Q

In response to aerobic training maximal blood pressure _________ (inc/dec).

A

decrease

283
Q

In response to aerobic training , resting Av02 difference __________ (inc/dec/same).

A

same

284
Q

________ (resting/maximal) tidal volume increases after aerobic training.

A

maximal

285
Q

After consistently following an aerobic endurance training program for 6 months, a previously untrained individual will experienc which of the following physiological changes?

Increased maximal blood pressure

decreased resting AV02 difference

decreased maximal tidal volume

increased resting stroke volume

A

increased resting stroke volume