Chapter 1 - Muscular, Neuro and Cardio Systems

Question 1

Bundles of Muscle Fibers

Answer 1

Fasciculi

Question 2

outer most layer of connective tissue that encloses the entire muscle

Answer 2

Epimysium

Question 3

Tissue covering the outside of fiber bundles

Answer 3

perimysium

Question 4

connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber

Answer 4

Endomysium

Question 5

the cell membrane of a single muscle fiber

Answer 5

sarcolemma

Question 6

other name for motor end plate

Answer 6

neuromuscular junction

Question 7

a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates

Answer 7

motor unit

Question 8

thick filaments

Answer 8

myosin

Question 9

of myosin molecules in a myosin filament

Answer 9

~200

Question 10

thin filaments of two strands in a double helix that interact with myosin

Answer 10

actin

Question 11

of actin filaments that surround each myosin filament

Answer 11

6

Question 12

of of myosin filaments that surround each actin filament

Answer 12

3

Question 13

The band that corresponds with the alignment of myosin filaments

Answer 13

A-band

Question 14

band that contains the actin filaments

Answer 14

I-band

Question 15

Area in the center of the sarcomere where only myosin filaments are present

Answer 15

H-zone

Question 16

tubules surrounding each myofibril

Answer 16

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

area in the middle of the i band that appears as a thin black line

Answer 17

z-line

Question 18

in a stretched muscle, the I bands and h-zone _____________. and there is _______force potential due to the reduced cross bridge alignment

Answer 18

elongate; low

Question 19

troponin is situated along ________ filaments

Answer 19

actin

Question 20

a protein that has a high affinity for calcium ions and is situated in intervals on the actin filaments is ________.

Answer 20

troponin

Question 21

protein that runs along the actin filament in the groove of the double helix.

Answer 21

tropomyosin

Question 22

fusing of high frequency muscles twitches

Answer 22

tetanus

Question 23

kinesthesis

Answer 23

position of body parts with respect to gravity

Question 24

modified muscle fibers that are part of a muscle spindle that run parallel to the normal, or extrafusal fibers.

Answer 24

intrafusal fibers

Question 25

example of a muscle spindle test

Answer 25

knee jerk test

Question 26

example of GTO reflex

Answer 26

PNF stretches

Question 27

reduced muscle size and strength

Answer 27

sarcopenia

Question 28

loss of function in older sedentary individuals is seen most prevalent in which muscles?

Answer 28

weight bearing extensors (lower limb and trunk extensors)

Question 29

what area of the body does the right side of the heart pump blood?

Answer 29

through the lungs

Question 30

what parts of the body does the left side of the heart pump blood to?

Answer 30

everywhere but the lungs.

Question 31

each heart pump has two chambers _______and _______

Answer 31

atrium and ventricles

Question 32

other name for the AV valves

Answer 32

tricuspid and mitral ( bicuspid) valves

Question 33

ventricular contraction also known as________.

Answer 33

systole

Question 34

other name for the semilunar valves

Answer 34

aortic and pulmonary valve

Question 35

role of semilunar valves

Answer 35

prevent backflow from aorta and pulm arteries into ventricles during relaxation.

Question 36

ventricular relaxation

Answer 36

diastole

Question 37

role of the AV valves

Answer 37

prevent blood from flowing from ventricles into atria during contraction.

Question 38

pacemaker of the heart

Answer 38

SA (sinoatrial node)

Question 39

heart conduction order ``` AV Bundle AV node left and right bundle branches SA node internodal pathways from SA node to AV ```

Answer 39

SA node > Internodal path > AV node > AV bundle > left and right branches

Question 40

Subsections of each individual muscle fiber are also known as __________.

Answer 40

myofibril

Question 41

Subsections of each myofibril are called _________.

Answer 41

myofilaments

Question 42

The smallest unit of measure of skeletal muscle anatomy is called a _______.

Answer 42

sarcomere

Question 43

during contraction, the I-Bands and H-zone are _________.

Answer 43

shortened

Question 44

The P-wave and QRS wave are all parts of the _______ phase.

Answer 44

depolarization phase

Question 45

The T-wave is symbolic of _________.

Answer 45

Repolarizaion

Question 46

The size of these areas of the myofibril decrease during a contraction phase:

Answer 46

I-band, H-zone

Question 47

T-tubules run ________ in relation to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and terminate around the point of the _________.

Answer 47

perpendicular; z-line

Question 48

The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are both part of the __________ nervous system.

Answer 48

autonomic nervous system

Question 49

parasympathetic fiber stimulation results in a(n) __________ in heart rate.

Answer 49

decrease

Question 50

sympathetic fiber stimulation results in a(n) __________ in heart rate.

Answer 50

increase

Question 51

arteries and arterioles carry blood _______ the heart

Answer 51

away from

Question 52

veins and venules carry blood _________ the heart

Answer 52

towards the heart

Question 53

Which of the following events occurs in the hamstring muscles during the concentric muscle actin of the leg curl exercise? chloride ions are released inside the muscle fiber each sarcomere is stimulated by a motor neuron the actin cross bridges attach to the myosin filaments the H-zone decreases as the z-lines are pulled toward each other.

Answer 53

the H-zone decreases as the z-lines are pulled toward each other