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CSCS Prep > Chapter 1 - Muscular, Neuro and Cardio Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Muscular, Neuro and Cardio Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Bundles of Muscle Fibers

A

Fasciculi

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2
Q

outer most layer of connective tissue that encloses the entire muscle

A

Epimysium

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3
Q

Tissue covering the outside of fiber bundles

A

perimysium

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4
Q

connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

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5
Q

the cell membrane of a single muscle fiber

A

sarcolemma

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6
Q

other name for motor end plate

A

neuromuscular junction

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7
Q

a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates

A

motor unit

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8
Q

thick filaments

A

myosin

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9
Q

of myosin molecules in a myosin filament

A

~200

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10
Q

thin filaments of two strands in a double helix that interact with myosin

A

actin

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11
Q

of actin filaments that surround each myosin filament

A

6

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12
Q

of of myosin filaments that surround each actin filament

A

3

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13
Q

The band that corresponds with the alignment of myosin filaments

A

A-band

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14
Q

band that contains the actin filaments

A

I-band

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15
Q

Area in the center of the sarcomere where only myosin filaments are present

A

H-zone

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16
Q

tubules surrounding each myofibril

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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17
Q

area in the middle of the i band that appears as a thin black line

A

z-line

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18
Q

in a stretched muscle, the I bands and h-zone _____________. and there is _______force potential due to the reduced cross bridge alignment

A

elongate; low

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19
Q

troponin is situated along ________ filaments

A

actin

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20
Q

a protein that has a high affinity for calcium ions and is situated in intervals on the actin filaments is ________.

A

troponin

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21
Q

protein that runs along the actin filament in the groove of the double helix.

A

tropomyosin

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22
Q

fusing of high frequency muscles twitches

A

tetanus

23
Q

kinesthesis

A

position of body parts with respect to gravity

24
Q

modified muscle fibers that are part of a muscle spindle that run parallel to the normal, or extrafusal fibers.

A

intrafusal fibers

25
Q

example of a muscle spindle test

A

knee jerk test

26
Q

example of GTO reflex

A

PNF stretches

27
Q

reduced muscle size and strength

A

sarcopenia

28
Q

loss of function in older sedentary individuals is seen most prevalent in which muscles?

A

weight bearing extensors (lower limb and trunk extensors)

29
Q

what area of the body does the right side of the heart pump blood?

A

through the lungs

30
Q

what parts of the body does the left side of the heart pump blood to?

A

everywhere but the lungs.

31
Q

each heart pump has two chambers _______and _______

A

atrium and ventricles

32
Q

other name for the AV valves

A

tricuspid and mitral ( bicuspid) valves

33
Q

ventricular contraction also known as________.

A

systole

34
Q

other name for the semilunar valves

A

aortic and pulmonary valve

35
Q

role of semilunar valves

A

prevent backflow from aorta and pulm arteries into ventricles during relaxation.

36
Q

ventricular relaxation

A

diastole

37
Q

role of the AV valves

A

prevent blood from flowing from ventricles into atria during contraction.

38
Q

pacemaker of the heart

A

SA (sinoatrial node)

39
Q

heart conduction order

AV Bundle
AV node
left and right bundle branches
SA node
internodal pathways from SA node to AV
A

SA node > Internodal path > AV node > AV bundle > left and right branches

40
Q

Subsections of each individual muscle fiber are also known as __________.

A

myofibril

41
Q

Subsections of each myofibril are called _________.

A

myofilaments

42
Q

The smallest unit of measure of skeletal muscle anatomy is called a _______.

A

sarcomere

43
Q

during contraction, the I-Bands and H-zone are _________.

A

shortened

44
Q

The P-wave and QRS wave are all parts of the _______ phase.

A

depolarization phase

45
Q

The T-wave is symbolic of _________.

A

Repolarizaion

46
Q

The size of these areas of the myofibril decrease during a contraction phase:

A

I-band, H-zone

47
Q

T-tubules run ________ in relation to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and terminate around the point of the _________.

A

perpendicular; z-line

48
Q

The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are both part of the __________ nervous system.

A

autonomic nervous system

49
Q

parasympathetic fiber stimulation results in a(n) __________ in heart rate.

A

decrease

50
Q

sympathetic fiber stimulation results in a(n) __________ in heart rate.

A

increase

51
Q

arteries and arterioles carry blood _______ the heart

A

away from

52
Q

veins and venules carry blood _________ the heart

A

towards the heart

53
Q

Which of the following events occurs in the hamstring muscles during the concentric muscle actin of the leg curl exercise?

chloride ions are released inside the muscle fiber

each sarcomere is stimulated by a motor neuron

the actin cross bridges attach to the myosin filaments

the H-zone decreases as the z-lines are pulled toward each other.

A

the H-zone decreases as the z-lines are pulled toward each other

CSCS Prep (24 decks)

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