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BIOL 1107K > Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Protective layer external of the plasma membrane in the plant cell, prokaryotes, fungi, and protists. Polysaccharides such as cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan are important structural components of cell walls

A

Cell Wall

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2
Q

In mature plant cell, a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth, storage, and sequestration of toxic substances

A

Central Vacuole

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3
Q

Structure in the centrosome of an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9+0 pattern. Centrosome has 2 pairs of centrioles

A

Centriole

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4
Q

Structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule organizing center and is important during cell division. Has two centrioles

A

Centrosome

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5
Q

An organelle found in plant and photosynthesis protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water

A

Chlorplast

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6
Q

The complex DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes

A

Chromatin

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7
Q

Cellular structure consisting of one DNA molecule and protein molecule

A

Chromosome

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8
Q

A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion

A

Cilium

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9
Q

Glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers, found extensively in connective tissue and bone; most abundant protein in animal kingdom

A

Collagen

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10
Q

An infolding of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. The inner membrane houses electron transport chains and molecules of the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP

A

Crista (plural, cristae)

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11
Q

The contents of the cell bounded by the plasma membrane

A

Cytoplasm

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12
Q

A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling function

A

Cytoskeleton

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13
Q

Semifluid of cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

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14
Q

A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that functions as a rivet, fastening cells together

A

Desmosome

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15
Q

Collection of membranes inside and surrounding eukaryotic cell: plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, smooth/rough ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and vacuoles

A

Endomembrane System

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16
Q

Uses magnets to focus an electron beam on or through a specimen

A

Electron Microscope (EM)

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17
Q

Network of membranes that it accounts for more than half the total membrane. Smooth/Rough

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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18
Q

Theory that mitochondria and plastids originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by a host cell. The Engulfed cell and its host cell then evolved into a single organism. A relationship between 2 species in which one organism lives inside the cell or cells of another organism.

A

Endosymbiont Theory

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19
Q

DNA is in an organelle called the nucleus

A

Eukaryotic Cell

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20
Q

Meshwork surrounding animal cells, consisting of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and proteoglycans synthesized and secreted by cells

A

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

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21
Q

A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion

A

Flagellum

22
Q

A type of intercellular junction in animal cells, consisting of proteins surrounding a pore that allows the passage of materials between cells

A

Gap Junction

23
Q

Organelle in eukaryotic cell consisting of stacks or flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of ER and synthesize some products

A

Golgi Apparatus

24
Q

Stack of thylakoids in chloroplast. Function in light reactions of photosynthesis

A

Granum

25
Q

A component of the cytoskeleton that includes filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments

A

Intermediate Filament

26
Q

Optical instrument with lenses that refract (bend) visible light to magnify images of specimens

A

Light Microscope (LM)

27
Q

Membrane enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells and some protists

A

Lysosome

28
Q

A cable composed of actin proteins in the cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cell

A

Microfilament

29
Q

A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins makes up part of the cytoplasm in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella

A

Microtubule

30
Q

The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle, as well as ribosomes and DNA

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

31
Q

An organelle in the eukaryotic cell that serves as the cite of cellular respiration, uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP

A

Mitochondrion

32
Q

Eukaryotic cell, double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, perforated with pores that regulate traffic with the cytoplasm. Continuous inner/outer membrane with pores

A

Nuclear Envelope

33
Q

Non membrane enclosed region in a prokaryotic cell where it’s chromosome is located

A

Nucleoid

34
Q

Specialized structure in the nucleus, consisting of chromosomal regions containing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes along with ribosomal proteins imported from the cytoplasm

A

Nucleolus

35
Q

Atoms central core: protons/neutrons. Organelle of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes, made up of chromatin. Cluster of neurons

A

Nucleus

36
Q
A

Organelle

37
Q

An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from various substates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide

A

Peroxisome

38
Q

Membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell’s chemical composition

A

Plasma Membrane

39
Q

An open channel through the cell wall that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells, allowing water, small solutes, and some larger molecules to pass between the cells

A

Plasmodesma

40
Q

One of a family of closely related organelles that includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts. Plastids are found in cells of photosynthetic eukaryotes

A

Plastid

41
Q

DNA is concentrated in a region that is not membrane-enclosed called the nucleoid

A

Prokaryotic Cell

42
Q

A complex rRNA and protein molecules that function as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

A

Ribosome

43
Q

Portion of ER that is ribosomes attached

A

Rough ER

44
Q

Microscope uses electron beam to scan surface of a sample, coated with metal atoms, to study in detail

A

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

45
Q

Portion of ER that is free of ribosomes

A

Smooth ER

46
Q

Dense fluid within chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane and containing ribosomes and DNA. Involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.

A

Stroma

47
Q

Flattened membranous sac inside chloroplast.

A

Thylakoid

48
Q

A type of intercellular junction between animal cells that prevents the leakage of material through the space between cells

A

Tight Junction

49
Q

Electron beam through a very thin section of the specimen, used to study internal structure of cells

A

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

50
Q

Vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another

A

Transport Vesicle

51
Q

A membranous bounded vesicle whose specialized function varies in different kinds of cells

A

Vacuole

52
Q

A membrane bound sac in or outside cell

A

Vesicle

BIOL 1107K (17 decks)

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