Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell

Question 1

Protective layer external of the plasma membrane in the plant cell, prokaryotes, fungi, and protists. Polysaccharides such as cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan are important structural components of cell walls

Answer 1

Cell Wall

Question 2

In mature plant cell, a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth, storage, and sequestration of toxic substances

Answer 2

Central Vacuole

Question 3

Structure in the centrosome of an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9+0 pattern. Centrosome has 2 pairs of centrioles

Answer 3

Centriole

Question 4

Structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule organizing center and is important during cell division. Has two centrioles

Answer 4

Centrosome

Question 5

An organelle found in plant and photosynthesis protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water

Answer 5

Chlorplast

Question 6

The complex DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes

Answer 6

Chromatin

Question 7

Cellular structure consisting of one DNA molecule and protein molecule

Answer 7

Chromosome

Question 8

A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion

Answer 8

Cilium

Question 9

Glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers, found extensively in connective tissue and bone; most abundant protein in animal kingdom

Answer 9

Collagen

Question 10

An infolding of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. The inner membrane houses electron transport chains and molecules of the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP

Answer 10

Crista (plural, cristae)

Question 11

The contents of the cell bounded by the plasma membrane

Answer 11

Cytoplasm

Question 12

A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling function

Answer 12

Cytoskeleton

Question 13

Semifluid of cytoplasm

Answer 13

Cytosol

Question 14

A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that functions as a rivet, fastening cells together

Answer 14

Desmosome

Question 15

Collection of membranes inside and surrounding eukaryotic cell: plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, smooth/rough ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and vacuoles

Answer 15

Endomembrane System

Question 16

Uses magnets to focus an electron beam on or through a specimen

Answer 16

Electron Microscope (EM)

Question 17

Network of membranes that it accounts for more than half the total membrane. Smooth/Rough

Answer 17

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 18

Theory that mitochondria and plastids originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by a host cell. The Engulfed cell and its host cell then evolved into a single organism. A relationship between 2 species in which one organism lives inside the cell or cells of another organism.

Answer 18

Endosymbiont Theory

Question 19

DNA is in an organelle called the nucleus

Answer 19

Eukaryotic Cell

Question 20

Meshwork surrounding animal cells, consisting of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and proteoglycans synthesized and secreted by cells

Answer 20

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

Question 21

A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion

Answer 21

Flagellum

Question 22

A type of intercellular junction in animal cells, consisting of proteins surrounding a pore that allows the passage of materials between cells

Answer 22

Gap Junction

Question 23

Organelle in eukaryotic cell consisting of stacks or flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of ER and synthesize some products

Answer 23

Golgi Apparatus

Question 24

Stack of thylakoids in chloroplast. Function in light reactions of photosynthesis

Answer 24

Granum

Question 25

A component of the cytoskeleton that includes filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments

Answer 25

Intermediate Filament

Question 26

Optical instrument with lenses that refract (bend) visible light to magnify images of specimens

Answer 26

Light Microscope (LM)

Question 27

Membrane enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells and some protists

Answer 27

Lysosome

Question 28

A cable composed of actin proteins in the cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cell

Answer 28

Microfilament

Question 29

A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins makes up part of the cytoplasm in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella

Answer 29

Microtubule

Question 30

The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle, as well as ribosomes and DNA

Answer 30

Mitochondrial Matrix

Question 31

An organelle in the eukaryotic cell that serves as the cite of cellular respiration, uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP

Answer 31

Mitochondrion

Question 32

Eukaryotic cell, double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, perforated with pores that regulate traffic with the cytoplasm. Continuous inner/outer membrane with pores

Answer 32

Nuclear Envelope

Question 33

Non membrane enclosed region in a prokaryotic cell where it's chromosome is located

Answer 33

Nucleoid

Question 34

Specialized structure in the nucleus, consisting of chromosomal regions containing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes along with ribosomal proteins imported from the cytoplasm

Answer 34

Nucleolus

Question 35

Atoms central core: protons/neutrons. Organelle of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes, made up of chromatin. Cluster of neurons

Answer 35

Nucleus

Answer 36

Organelle

Question 37

An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from various substates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide

Answer 37

Peroxisome

Question 38

Membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell's chemical composition

Answer 38

Plasma Membrane

Question 39

An open channel through the cell wall that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells, allowing water, small solutes, and some larger molecules to pass between the cells

Answer 39

Plasmodesma

Question 40

One of a family of closely related organelles that includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts. Plastids are found in cells of photosynthetic eukaryotes

Answer 40

Plastid

Question 41

DNA is concentrated in a region that is not membrane-enclosed called the nucleoid

Answer 41

Prokaryotic Cell

Question 42

A complex rRNA and protein molecules that function as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Answer 42

Ribosome

Question 43

Portion of ER that is ribosomes attached

Answer 43

Rough ER

Question 44

Microscope uses electron beam to scan surface of a sample, coated with metal atoms, to study in detail

Answer 44

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Question 45

Portion of ER that is free of ribosomes

Answer 45

Smooth ER

Question 46

Dense fluid within chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane and containing ribosomes and DNA. Involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 46

Stroma

Question 47

Flattened membranous sac inside chloroplast.

Answer 47

Thylakoid

Question 48

A type of intercellular junction between animal cells that prevents the leakage of material through the space between cells

Answer 48

Tight Junction

Question 49

Electron beam through a very thin section of the specimen, used to study internal structure of cells

Answer 49

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Question 50

Vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another

Answer 50

Transport Vesicle

Question 51

A membranous bounded vesicle whose specialized function varies in different kinds of cells

Answer 51

Vacuole

Question 52

A membrane bound sac in or outside cell

Answer 52

Vesicle