Chapter 1: The Scientific Method Flashcards
One of two prokaryotic domains; the other being Archaea
Bacteria
Scientific study of life
Biology
Consists of all life and earth and all places where life exists
Biosphere
Life’s fundamental unit of life and structure that can preform all activities of life
Cell
Array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem
Community
Set of subjects that lack the specific factor being tested
Control Group
Organism that feeds on producers, other consumers, or nonliving organic material
Consumer
An experiment designed to compare an experimental group with a control group
Controlled Experiment
Recorded observations
Data
A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise
Deductive Reasoning
Nucleic acid model, double stranded helix, in which each polynucleotide strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases (ACGT)
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
A factor whose value is measured during an experiment or other test to see whether it is influenced by changes in another factor
Dependent Variable
New properties that arise each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases
Emergent Properties
Consists of all living things in a particular area, along with all non-living components of the environment with which life interacts
Ecosystem
Type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles
Eukaryotic Cell
Process by which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments overtime; change in genetic composition of a population from generation to generation
Evolution
A scientific test
Experiment
Set of subjects that has the specific factor being tested in a controlled experiment
Experimental Group
The regulation of a process by its output or end product
Feedback Regulation
Discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA
Gene
Process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs
Gene Expression
Testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data and guided by inductive reasoning. Narrow scope than a theory.
Hypothesis
A factor whose value is manipulated or changed during an experiment to reveal possible effects on another factor
Independent Variable
A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations
Inductive Reasoning
The search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific questions
Inquiry
Chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms
Molecule
Process in which individuals that have inherited certain traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals
Natural Selection
Various functional components present in cells
Organelle
Individual livings things
Organism
Consists of all individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area
Population
An organism that produces organic compounds from carbon dioxide by harnessing light energy or by oxidizing inorganic chemicals
Producer
An approach to understanding the natural world
Science
An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the system’s partsr
Systems Biology
Application of scientific knowledge for a specific purpose
Technology
An explanation that is broader than hypothesis, generates new hypotheses, and supported by larger group of evidence
Theory
Group of cells that work together, performing a specialized function
Tissue
Any characteristic
Variable
