Chapter 10: Photosynthesis

Question 1

Range of a pigment’s ability to absorb various wavelengths of light; also a graph of such a range

Answer 1

Absorption Spectrum

Question 2

A graph that profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving a particular process

Answer 2

Action Spectrum

Question 3

An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms derived from other organisms. Use energy from the sun or from oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones

Answer 3

Autotroph

Question 4

The 2nd of two major stages in photosynthesis, involving fixations of atmospheric carbon dioxide and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate

Answer 4

Calvin Cycle

Question 5

Initial incorporation of carbon from carbon dioxide into an organic compound by an autotrophic organism

Answer 5

Carbon Fixation

Question 6

A green pigment located in membranes within the chloroplasts of plants and algae and in the membranes of certain prokaryotes. Chlorophyll a participates directly in the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy.

Answer 6

Chlorophyll

Answer 7

Chloroplast

Question 8

A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only one photosystem and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen

Answer 8

Cyclic Electron Flow

Question 9

Entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer

Answer 9

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Question 10

A 3 carbon carbohydrate that is the direct product of the Calvin cycle; also an intermediate in glycolysis

Answer 10

Glyceraldehyde 3‐Phosphate (G3P)

Question 11

Organisms that obtain organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them

Answer 11

Heterotroph

Question 12

1st two stages in photosynthesis. These reactions, which occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast or on membranes of certain prokaryotes, convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen in the process

Answer 12

Light Reactions

Question 13

Complex of proteins associated with pigment molecules that captures light energy and transfers it to reaction-center pigments in a photosystem

Answer 13

Light‐Harvesting Complex

Answer 14

Linear Electron Flow

Question 15

The oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, an electron carrier that can accept electrons, becoming NADPH. NADPH temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.

Answer 15

NADP+

Question 16

The reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions. NADPH acts as a “reducing power” that can be passed along to an electron acceptor, reducing it.

Answer 16

NADPH

Question 17

Organisms that use light as a source of energy to synthesize organic substances

Answer 17

Photoautotroph

Question 18

Process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of chemiosmosis, using a proton-motive force generated across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or the membrane of certain prokaryotes during the light reactions of photosynthesis

Answer 18

Photophosphorylation

Answer 19

Photorespiration

Question 20

The conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in sugars or other organic compounds; occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes

Answer 20

Photosynthesis

Question 21

Light capturing unit located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or in the membrane of some prokaryotes, consisting of a reaction center complex surrounded by numerous light harvesting complexes. Two types of photosystems (I OR II), they absorb light best at different wavelengths

Answer 21

Photosystem

Question 22

One of two light capturing units in a chloroplast’s thylakoid membrane or in the membrane of some prokaryotes; has 2 molecules of P680 chlorophyll a at its reaction center

Answer 22

Photosystem II (PS II)

Question 23

Light capturing unit in a chloroplast’s thylakoid membrane or in the membrane of some prokaryotes; has 2 molecules of P700 chlorophyll a at its reaction center

Answer 23

Photosystem I (PS I)

Answer 24

Rubisco

Question 24

In thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast or in the membrane of some prokaryotes, a specialized molecule that shares the reaction-center complex with a pair of chlorophyll molecules and that accepts an electron from them

Answer 24

Primary Electron Acceptor

Question 25

An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution

Answer 25

Spectrophotometer

Answer 26

Stroma

Answer 27

Thylakoid

Question 28

Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected as various colors by the human eye, ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm

Answer 28

Visible Light

Question 29

Distance between crest of waves, such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 29

Wavelength