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BIOL 1107K > Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Negatively charged ion

A

Anion

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2
Q

Smallest unit of life

A

Atom

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3
Q

Total mass of an atom, accounting for their isotopes

A

Atomic Mass

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4
Q

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designated by a subscript

A

Atomic Number

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5
Q

An atoms dense central core, containing protons and neutrons

A

Atomic Nucleus

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6
Q

Positively charged ion

A

Cation

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7
Q

Attraction between 2 atoms, resulting from a sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. Bonded atoms gain a complete outer valence shell with full
8 electrons.

A

Chemical Bond

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8
Q

In chemical reaction, the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, so that the relative concentrations of reactants and products do not change with time

A

Chemical Equilibrium

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9
Q

Making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to charges in the composition of matter

A

Chemical Reaction

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10
Q

Substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio

A

Compound

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11
Q

Strong chemical bond in which 2 atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

A

Covalent Bond

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12
Q

Double covalent bond; the sharing of two pairs of valence electrons by two atoms

A

Double Bond

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13
Q

Type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity

A

Electron

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14
Q

Attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond

A

Electronegativity

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15
Q

An energy level of electrons at a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom

A

Electron Shell

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16
Q

Any substance that can not be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions

A

Element

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17
Q

The capacity to cause change, especially to do work

A

Energy

18
Q

Chemical element required for an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce

A

Essential Element

19
Q

Weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom if a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule

A

Hydrogen Bond

20
Q

An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons; thus acquiring a charge

A

Ion

21
Q

A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between opposite charged ions (anions/cations)

A

Ionic Bond

22
Q

Compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond; also called salts

A

Ionic Compound

23
Q

One of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. Changing its atomic mass

A

Isotope

24
Q

Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus

A

Mass Number

25
Q

Anything that takes up space and has mass

A

Matter

26
Q

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

A

Molecule

27
Q

Type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity

A

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

28
Q

Subatomic particle having no electrical charge

A

Neutron

29
Q

3D space where an electron is found 90% of the time

A

Orbital

30
Q

Covalent bond between atoms that differs in electronegativity. The electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly more negative and the other more positive

A

Polar Covalent Bond

31
Q
A

Potential Energy

32
Q

A material resulting from the chemical reaction

A

Product

33
Q

Subatomic particle with single positive electrical charge

A

Proton

34
Q

An isotope that is unstable; the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and energy

A

Radioactive Isotope

35
Q

Starting materials in the chemical reaction

A

Reactant

36
Q

Compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond; also called an ionic compound

A

Salt

37
Q

Single covalent bond; the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms

A

Single Bond

38
Q

An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts

A

Trace Element

39
Q

Bonding capacity of a given atom, the number of covalent bonds an atom can form, which usually equals the number of electrons in its outermost shell

A

Valence

40
Q

An electron in the outermost electron shell

A

Valence Electron

41
Q

The outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the electrons involved in the chemical reactions of that atom

A

Valence Shell

42
Q

Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from transient local partial charges

A

Van Der Waals Interactions

BIOL 1107K (17 decks)

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