Chapter 16: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Flashcards
Arrangement of the sugar phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix (run in opposite 5’ to 3’ direction)
Antiparallel
Complex of DNA and protein
Chromatin
Linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding to the 3’ end of one DNA fragment to the 5’ end of another DNA fragment
DNA Ligase
An enzyme is a that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA by the addition of nucleotides to the 3’ end of an existing chain. There are different types: DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I play roles in DNA replication in E. Coli
DNA Polymerase
The process by which a DNA molecule is copied; also called DNA synthesis
DNA Replication
The native form of DNA, referring to its two adjacent antiparallel polynucleotide strands wound around an imaginary axis into a spiral shape
Double Helix
The less condenses form of eukaryotic chromatin that is available for transcription
Eurchromatin
Process by which information coded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs
Gene Expression
An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at replication forks, separating the 2 strands and making them available as template strands
Helicase
Eukaryotic chromatin that remains highly compacted during interphase and is generally not transcribed
Heterochromatin
Proteins responsible for the main level of DNA packing in interphase chromatin. Positively charged histone binds with negatively charged DNA.
Histone
A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5’ to 3’ direction away from replication fork
Lagging Strand
The new complementary strand of DNA synthesized continuously along the template strand toward the replication fork in 5’ to 3’ direction
Leading Strand
An enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA, removing bases or hydrolyzing DNA or RNA into its components of nucleotides
Nuclease
Binding of histones and DNA. Wound twice around a protein core of 8 histones.
Nucleosome
Short segment of DNA synthesized away from the replication fork on a template strand during DNA replication. Many such segments are joined together to make up lagging strand of new synthesized DNA.
Okazaki Fragment
An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make a primer during DNA replication, using parental DNA strand as a template
Primase
A short polynucleotide with a free 3’ end, bound by complementary base pairing to the template strand and elongated with DNA nucleotides during DNA replication
Primer
A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where the parental strands are being unwound and new strands are being synthesized
Replication Work
Ribosome
Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the parental molecule, and one newly made strand
Semiconservative Model
Tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome’s DNA molecule. Protects the organism’s genes from being eroded during successive rounds of replication
Telomere
A protein that breaks, swivels, rejoins DNA strands. During DNA replication, topoisomerase helps to relieve strain in the double helix ahead of the replication fork
Topoisomerase
When the external DNA is from a member of a different species, transformation results in horizontal gene
Transformation
Infectious particle incapable of replicating molecule of an RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protein coat (capsid) and a membraneous envelope
Virus
