Chapter 3: Water and Life Flashcards
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
Acid
The clinging of one substance to another, such as water to plant cell walls, in this case by means of hydrogen bonds
Adhesion
A solution in which water is the solvent
Aqueous Solution
A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
Base
A solution that contains a weak acid and its corresponding base
Buffer
The linking together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds
Cohesion
The process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, a result of the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy changing from the liquid to the gaseous state
Evaporative Cooling
The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state
Heat of Vaporization
The sphere of water molecules around a dissolved ion
Hydration Shell
A single proton with a charge of plus one
Hydrogen Ion
A water molecule that has an extra proton bound to it, commonly represented as H superscript plus
Hydronium Ion
Having an affinity for water
Hydrophilic
Having no affinity for water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water.
Hydrophobic
A water molecule that has lost a proton, represented as OH superscript minus
Hydroxide Ion
The energy associated with the relative motion of objects. Moving matter can perform work by imparting motion to other matter
Kinetic Energy
A common measure of solute concentration, referring to the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
Molarity
The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule; sometimes called molecular weight
Molecular Mass
The number of grams of a substance that equals its molecular or atomic mass in daltons; a mole contains Avogadro’s number of the molecules or atoms in question
Mole
The process by which the pH of the ocean is lowered (made more acidic) when excess carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater and forms carbonic acid
Ocean Acidification
A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to the negative log of the concentration of hydrogen ions and ranging in value from 0 to 14.
pH
Covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity.
Polar Covalent Bond
A molecule with an uneven distribution of charges in different regions of the molecule
Polar Molecule
Scatter Plot
A substance that is dissolved in a solution
Solute
A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Solution
The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known
Solvent
The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of a substance to change its temperature by 1 degree C
Specific Heat
