Chapter 6 Flashcards
Populations of Homo erectus arrived in Java, Indonesia
as early as 1.8 mya
Sahul
connection in landmasses in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea in lowest sea level during that time period
Sunda
landmasses connecting Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, and most of Indonesia)
Wallacea Island
separated Sahul and Sunda was too deep to have ever been dry land in the past 50 million years
The Wallace Line
the line that separates the unique animals and plants of Australia (Sahul) from those of Southeast Asia (Sunda)
- humans had to cross the line by sea to reach Australia
Flores in Wallacea
Homo Erectus fossils were found from 900,000-800,000 years ago
Homo floresiensis
hominis date back between 100,000-60,000 years ago was found on Flores Islands
- much smaller in size (results of long-term isolation on an island with limited food and nutrition)
- tools were very simple and used flakes as cores
- not distinct species but rather microcephaly (smaller head size)
Humans arrival in Austraila
60,000-50,000 years ago (10,000 years before arriving in Europe)
Possile Scenarios for the people of Asutraila
- Modern humans migrating out of Africa were capable of sea voyages and had already spread far beyond Africa
- Multiregional hypothesis: modern humans evolved locally from Homo erectus inEast Asia, while another modern humans group evolved fromHomo erectus in Africa
- Multiple dispersals of modern humans out of Africa occurred and those arriving to Australia followed the same coastal route used by Homo Erectus to get to Java
Extinction of Megafauna
in Australia took place between 50,000-40,000 years ago (took place 10,000 years after the first arrival of humans in Australia)
Glacial maximum
climate change occurred 20,000-15,000 years ago (extinction took place before that)
Human Activity
little evidence for hunting of megafauna by humans and little evidence for highly sophisticated hunting weapons
Altered the ecology
by using fire to smoke animals to hunt, which destroyed the grasses and other food sources for megafauna (still used by Aboriginal peoples in the 1800s)
Rock art
popular form of expression early on in peopling of Australia
- highly developed mythological and ritual trditional
x-ray style
applying beeswax to rock-shelter wall and often the depicted internal bone structure