Chapter 3 Flashcards
Evolution
change over time and space
Two major aspects of evolution
- descent with modification
- natural selection
Decent with modification and natural selection
over very long periods explaining the vast variety of life on earth
Species
a group of organisms that can produce fertile offspring
Genus
a grouping of similar species
Hominoids
humans, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and gibbons
Primates
hominoids, monkeys, and prosimians
Primary Characteristics of primates
mostly tree-dwelling, rely heavily on sight, highly social, and live in groups
Phylogeny
the evolutionary history of a species based on fossils and genetics
Ontogeny
the growth and development of an individual organism (a single human)
Genetics
our growth and development results from the interaction of our genetics and the environment
Nuclear DNA
located in the cell nucleus that is a combination of genes inherited from our parents
Mitochondrial DNA
located outside of the cell nucleus and inherited only from the maternal lineage
Fossil Record
provide direct evidence of evolutionary change, but there are significant gaps in the fossil record (we still are missing many fossils)
Paleoanthropologists
specifically, study hominoid lineage