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Biology > Chapter 6+7 > Flashcards

Chapter 6+7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are two basic types of cell reproduction?

A

Meiosis

Mitosis

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2
Q

Chromosome

A

Strands of DNA

Genes are located on chromosomes in specific regions

DNA is packaged into chromosomes before cell divides

Package of supercoiled DNA + packaging proteins

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3
Q

Sister chromatids

A

DNA replication results into two identical copies of each chromosome that are firmly attached to one another at the centromere

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4
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

The same

Have the same length with genes in the same location

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5
Q

Haploid

A

When cell, nucleus, or organism has only one set of chromosomes

Half the diploid #

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6
Q

Diploid

A

When a cell, nucleus, or organism has 2 of each type of chromosomes (one dad, one mom)

Have chromosomes in homologous pairs

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7
Q

Diploid or haploid?

Sperm?
Egg?
Skin cell?

A

Sperm and egg= haploid

Skin cells= diploid

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8
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis?

A

The division of one nucleus into two nuclei for

Growth
Replace damaged or worn out cells
Asexual reproduction

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9
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The division of the cytoplasm into two separate cells

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10
Q

Mitosis steps?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase/ cytokinesis

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11
Q

Mitosis prophase and metaphase ?

A

Prophase = chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope disintegrates

Metaphase = chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

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12
Q

Mitosis anaphase and telophase/ cytokinesis?

A

Anaphase= chromosomes are split apart. Sister chromatids move towards opposite poles of the cell

Telophase/cytokinesis = chromosomes condense, nuclear envelopes reform, cytoplasm divides into two cells

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13
Q

Mitosis

How many daughter cells produced?
How many chromatids does each chromosome have?
Identical or not?

A

Two identical diploid daughter cells that have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

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14
Q

Mitotic phase

A

the period of the cell cycle when duplicated chromosomes are distributed into two nuclei and the cytoplasmic contents are divided

includes mitosis and cytokinesis

DNA is split equally

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15
Q

Interphase

A

the period of the cell cycle leading up to mitosis; includes G1, S, and G2 phases; the interim between two consecutive cell divisions

G1: cell growth
S1: DNA copied
G2: cell growth and preparation for division

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16
Q

Meiosis 1 and 2 steps

A

Prophase 1
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1

Prophase 2
Metaphase 2
Anaphase 2
Telophase 2

17
Q

Meiosis prophase 1 *and metaphase 1

A

Prophase 1: crossing over occurs, chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope disintegrates

Metaphase 1: homologous pairs in tetrads line up along the middle of the cell

18
Q

Meiosis anaphase 1* and telophase 1

A

Anaphase 1: homologous pairs are split apart, each one being pulled to the opposite pole of the cell

Telophase: each haploid daughter cell consists of chromosomes with two sister chromatids

19
Q

Meiosis prophase 2 and metaphase 2

A

Prophase 2:

Metaphase 2:

20
Q

Meiosis anaphase 2 *and telophase 2

A

Anaphase 2: sister chromatids are split apart and pulled to opposite poles

Telophase 2: each haploid daughter cell consists of chromosomes with one sister chromatid

21
Q

Meiosis

How many daughter cells produced?
How many chromatids does each chromosome have?
Identical or not?

A

Four haploid daughter cells that are not identical to the parent cell and have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

22
Q

Purpose of meiosis?

A

Sexual reproduction

Produce gametes (eggs and sperm)

23
Q

Crossing over

A

when segments of DNA are exchanged between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes

24
Q

Nondisjunction

A

Occurs when chromosomes fail to split and mice to opposite poles during meiosis

Results in daughter cells that have too few or too many chromosomes

25
Q

Cancer occurs when cells divide abnormally, producing many more cells that they are supposed to

True or false ?

A

True

26
Q

Structure of DNA

A

Made of building blocks called nucleotides

A deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Biology (19 decks)

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