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Biology > Chapter 19+ 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 19+ 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

Population

A

All the individuals of the same species living in the same area

Ex: squirrels on campus

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2
Q

Difference between population density and species richness ?

A

Density is number of individuals per unit area

Richness is the number of species living in a particular area

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3
Q

Random distribution

A

Individuals show no apparent pattern in their distribution

Ex: dandelions

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4
Q

Clumped distribution

A

Individuals are patchy or in groups

Ex: school of fish

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5
Q

Uniform distribution

A

Individuals are evenly distributed throughout an area

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6
Q

Exponential growth

A

As the population gets bigger, growth rate increases

Rapid growth in populations where resources are unlimited

J-shaped graph

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7
Q

Logistic growth

A

Once resources become limited, population growth slows down

Population size reaches carrying capacity

S-shape graph

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8
Q

Identify as density-dependent tacit or a density-independent factor

a) drought
b) disease
c) Forest fire
d) food

A

A) density independent
B) density dependent
C) density indecent
D) density dependent

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9
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Competition between members of same species

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10
Q

Inter specific competition

A

Competition between members of different species

Can result in competitive exclusion

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11
Q

Ecological niche

A

An organism’s role in the community

Its relationship with everything (living and non living )

Every species in an ecosystem has one

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12
Q

Predation

A

When one animal hunts and eats another animal (prey)

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13
Q

Herbivory

A

Eats producers (plants)

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14
Q

Foundation species

A

Important for the structure of the community

Modify the environment and make it habitable

Often abundant

Often producers (photosynthetic)

Ex: trees, coral reefs

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15
Q

Keystone species

A

A species that helps to stabilize and maintain other species in an ecosystem

Ex: wolf, sea otter

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16
Q

Producer

A

Autotroph

Produce their own food

Carry out photosynthesis

17
Q

Primary consumer (herbivore)

A

Eats producers

18
Q

Secondary consumer (omnivore or carnivore)

A

Omnivore: eats animals and producers

19
Q

Tertiary consumer (top carnivores)

A

Eats animals

20
Q

What direction to the arrows point in a food web: towards the source of the energy or towards the consumer ?

A

Towards the consumer

21
Q

Ecology

A

Study of interactions between organisms and their environment

22
Q

Population distribution

A

The distribution of individuals within a habitat st a given point in time

23
Q

Human population growth rate in early human history ? During the last 200 years? 20 years ?

A

Rate was low

200 years: rate was 0.1% per year

Current growth rate: 1.1% per year

24
Q

What are the environmental impacts of human population growth?

A

We need more:

Food( and land for agricultural and grazing)
Water 
Energy
Raw materials 
Space
25
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The maximum number of individuals that can be supported indefinitely in a given environment

26
Q

Density - dependent factors

A

Factors that increase effects as population size and density increases

Limits population growth by:
Limited food supply
Increased risk of diseases
Increases in waste levels

Cause:
Decrease in birth rates and increases death rates

27
Q

Density- independent factors

A

Population limiting factors that occur regardless of population size

Ex: natural disasters, pollution, droughts

28
Q

Consumption ?

A

resources being use

Waste produced ( pollution )

29
Q

Scenarios if population surpasses the carrying capacity ?

A

Population crash

Population cycle : repeated crashes and rebounds

30
Q

Age structure diagrams

A

A summary of the numbers of individuals in different age groups

Can be used to predict a populations future growth

31
Q

Age diagrams (pyramid with large base)?

A

The majority of the population is young and that the population is still growing

32
Q

Age diagram (narrow base)

A

Decrease in population growth

Developed counties with greater % of middle aged and older individuals

33
Q

Age diagram (column)

A

Slow growth

Fewer young and reproductive aged individuals and a greater proportion of older individuals

34
Q

Female literacy occurs more in bigger populations

True or false

A

True

35
Q

More income per capita (country) means a bigger population

True or false

A

True

Biology (19 decks)

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