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Biology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Identify three differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotes have a nucleus, complex contain organelles, large
Ex: fungí, animals, plants

Prokaryotes have no nucleus, simple with NO organelles and small
Ex: bacteria

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2
Q

Regions of a eukaryotic cell?

A

Nucleus, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm

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3
Q

Nucleus function

A

Controls all cell activities and determines cell type

Responsible for inheritance

Bound by a double membrane

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4
Q

Plasma membrane function?

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Protection and structural support

Cell to cell communication

Binds/ attaches cells to neighboring cells

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5
Q

Cytoplasm function?

A

Everything between the plasma membrane and nucleus

Contains organelles that carry out specific functions

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6
Q

Cytoskeleton function?

A

Supports the cell and gives it shape

Transporta things around the cell

A nerve cell

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7
Q

Mitochondria function?

A

Make ATP from sugars and fats

Require O2

There are a lot in the cytoplasm of one cell

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8
Q

Ribosome function?

A

Synthesize/ make proteins

Attached to rough Endoplasmic reticulum or floating free in cytoplasm

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9
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Rough or soft

Rough: makes and modifies proteins (has ribosomes)

Soft: makes lipids and detoxifies drugs

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10
Q

Golgi apparatus function?

A

receives proteins from rough ER and packages them for export

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11
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digestion of macromolecules; recycling of worn-out organelles

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12
Q

Flagella

A

Cellular locomotion

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13
Q

Cilia

A

Cellular locomotion

movement of particles along extracellular surface of plasma membrane, and filtration

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14
Q

Do all cells have cell walls?

A

Prokaryotes and plant cells

Animal cells DON’T

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15
Q

Do all cells have chloroplasts?

A

Only plant cells

Not prokaryotes and animal cells

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16
Q

What is the structure of the plasma membrane (what molecules is it made of and how are they arranged?

A

Heads are hydrophilic (love h2o)
Tails (fatty acid groups) are hydrophobic (hate h2o)

Made of cholesterol

17
Q

selectively permeable

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

18
Q

Passive transport

A

Some molecules move across the plasma membrane without the cell expending any energy

High concentration to an area of low concentration

19
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient with the help of ATP and transport proteins.

Low concentration to high concentration

NEEDS ATP

20
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Molecules move directly through the phospholipid bilayer from high concentration to low concentration

21
Q

Ósmosis

A

Water molecules diffuse through the aquaporins (channel proteins) from high concentration to low water concentration

22
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Molecules diffuse through specific transport proteins from high concentration to low concentration

23
Q

What is a difference between simple diffusion and facilitated transport?

A

Simple diffusion DOESN’T use energy or transport proteins while facilitated diffusion does use carrier proteins

24
Q

What is a similarity between osmosis and facilitated diffusion?

A

They require carrier proteins to help move molecules along its concentration gradient

25
Q

Endocytosis

A

Cell engulfs food particle with plasma membrane and brings it into cytoplasm

Forma a vesicle which fuses with a lysosomes

26
Q

Exocytosis

A

Molecules released outside of cell when a secretory vesicles fused with the plasma membrane

27
Q

Ósmosis in fresh water/ hypotonic

A

Water diffuses into the cell and the cell busts POP

28
Q

Ósmosis in salt water/hypertonic

A

Water diffuses out of cell and cell SHRINKS

29
Q

Vesicles

A

Receives proteins from Rough ER and modifies, sorts, and packages them for export

Biology (19 decks)

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