Chapter 3 Flashcards
Identify three differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotes have a nucleus, complex contain organelles, large
Ex: fungí, animals, plants
Prokaryotes have no nucleus, simple with NO organelles and small
Ex: bacteria
Regions of a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm
Nucleus function
Controls all cell activities and determines cell type
Responsible for inheritance
Bound by a double membrane
Plasma membrane function?
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
Protection and structural support
Cell to cell communication
Binds/ attaches cells to neighboring cells
Cytoplasm function?
Everything between the plasma membrane and nucleus
Contains organelles that carry out specific functions
Cytoskeleton function?
Supports the cell and gives it shape
Transporta things around the cell
A nerve cell
Mitochondria function?
Make ATP from sugars and fats
Require O2
There are a lot in the cytoplasm of one cell
Ribosome function?
Synthesize/ make proteins
Attached to rough Endoplasmic reticulum or floating free in cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
Rough or soft
Rough: makes and modifies proteins (has ribosomes)
Soft: makes lipids and detoxifies drugs
Golgi apparatus function?
receives proteins from rough ER and packages them for export
Lysosomes
Digestion of macromolecules; recycling of worn-out organelles
Flagella
Cellular locomotion
Cilia
Cellular locomotion
movement of particles along extracellular surface of plasma membrane, and filtration
Do all cells have cell walls?
Prokaryotes and plant cells
Animal cells DON’T
Do all cells have chloroplasts?
Only plant cells
Not prokaryotes and animal cells
What is the structure of the plasma membrane (what molecules is it made of and how are they arranged?
Heads are hydrophilic (love h2o)
Tails (fatty acid groups) are hydrophobic (hate h2o)
Made of cholesterol
selectively permeable
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
Passive transport
Some molecules move across the plasma membrane without the cell expending any energy
High concentration to an area of low concentration
Active transport
Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient with the help of ATP and transport proteins.
Low concentration to high concentration
NEEDS ATP
Simple diffusion
Molecules move directly through the phospholipid bilayer from high concentration to low concentration
Ósmosis
Water molecules diffuse through the aquaporins (channel proteins) from high concentration to low water concentration
Facilitated diffusion
Molecules diffuse through specific transport proteins from high concentration to low concentration
What is a difference between simple diffusion and facilitated transport?
Simple diffusion DOESN’T use energy or transport proteins while facilitated diffusion does use carrier proteins
What is a similarity between osmosis and facilitated diffusion?
They require carrier proteins to help move molecules along its concentration gradient
Endocytosis
Cell engulfs food particle with plasma membrane and brings it into cytoplasm
Forma a vesicle which fuses with a lysosomes
Exocytosis
Molecules released outside of cell when a secretory vesicles fused with the plasma membrane
Ósmosis in fresh water/ hypotonic
Water diffuses into the cell and the cell busts POP
Ósmosis in salt water/hypertonic
Water diffuses out of cell and cell SHRINKS
Vesicles
Receives proteins from Rough ER and modifies, sorts, and packages them for export
