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Biology > Chapter 12-15 > Flashcards

Chapter 12-15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Taxonomic groups hierarchy

A

Dumb kids play chase on freeway go splat!

Domain 
Kingdom 
Phylum 
Class 
Order 
Family 
Genus 
Species
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2
Q

What two major types of evidence do biologists use to construct phylogenies?

A

DNA similarities

Homologous structures

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3
Q

Systematics

A

The science of determining evolutionary relationships of organisms

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4
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of classifying organisms

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5
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Unicelular (one called organisms)

Simple cells: no nucleus and organelles

Small cells

Bacteria and archaea

Pathogens

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6
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Multicellular

Complex cells: have nucleus and organelles

Larger size

Domain eukarya

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7
Q

Do all bacteria cause disease?

A

No some microbiome bacteria lives inside out body

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8
Q

How eukaryotic cells evolved ?

A

1) Early eukaryotic cells were engulf by endocytosis, a bacteria that kept it alive and eventually became mitochondria
2) chloroplasts were formed from photosynthetic bacteria hat became endosymbiosis

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9
Q

Why are Protists all lumped together if they don’t share a common ancestor?

A

They all are a collection of eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi

Basically they don’t fit in any other categories

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10
Q

Autotroph

A

Make their own food

Photoautroph: photosynthesis

Ex: chloroplasts
Euglena

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11
Q

Heterotroph

A

Makes food from an outside source

Ex: Amoeba
Paramecium

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12
Q

How are fungi different from plants or animals?

A

Get food through decomposers

Multicelular*

Immobile*

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13
Q

Difference between animals and fungi in the way they obtain their nutrients?

A

Fungi obtain it from decomposers

Animals ingests other organisms for food

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14
Q

Most of the fungal body is composed of microscopic filaments. What is the scientific term of these?

A

Hyphae

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15
Q

Function of fungal spores

A

They are spread through the wind or by hitch hiking and eventually mature into hyphae

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16
Q

Decomposer and autotroph ir heterotroph?

A

Heterotrophs

They absorb digested nutrients

17
Q

Mycorrzhia

A

Fungi that from a symbiosis with plant roots

About 80-90% of plant species have mycorrzhial associations

18
Q

What are characteristics that all plants share (which distinguish them from fungi, animals, and Protists)?

A

They are photosynthetic

Make their own food by using energy from sunlight to fuel the conversion of CO2 into sugars

Immobile*
Multicelular *

19
Q

No vascular plants

A

Seedless plants

Lack specialized tissue used to transport water and nutrients

Make spores, not seeds

Prefer moist environments

20
Q

Vascular plants

A

Have vascular tissue

Specialized tubes for transporting water and nutrients

Adaptation for dry land

Most produce seeds

21
Q

Would you be more likely to find a non vascular plant in the sewer or in a moist shady forest ?

A

Moist shady forest

22
Q

Gymnosperms

A

Naked seed

Male and female gametes are formed in separate structures

Wind pollinated

23
Q

Angiosperms

A

Seeds are covered by the ovary

Become fruit or nut shell

Flowers

Pollinated by animals

24
Q

A bee is visiting a tree and picking up pollen and nectar. Is this tree more likely an angiosperm or a gymnosperm? Why?

A

Angiosperm

Is being pollinated by an animal

25
Q

Where the first organisms on the planet most likely prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes

26
Q

What are characteristics that all animals share (which distinguish them from fungi, plants, and Protists)?

A

Motile (can move around )

Reproduce sexually

Bodies are usually symmetrical

Multicelular *

27
Q

No symmetry

Bilateral symmetry

Radial symmetry

Examples

A

No symmetry: sponges

Bilateral symmetry: clear right and left sides
Ex: chordates (mammals)

Radial symmetry: cnidarians (stinging cells),

28
Q

Examples of each kingdom

A 
D: eukarya 
K: animalia 
P: chordata
C: mammalia
O: primates 
F: hominids
G: homo
S: sapiens
29
Q

Binomial species naming system

A

Species name= genus + specific name

Ex: Canis lupus

30
Q

Three domains ?

A

Bacteria
Archaea

Eukarya

31
Q

Viruses?

A

Not classified in any domain of life

Are not cells

32
Q

Four eukaryotic kingdoms ?

A

Protista

Plantae

Fungí

Animalia

Biology (19 decks)

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