Chapter 12-15 Flashcards
Taxonomic groups hierarchy
Dumb kids play chase on freeway go splat!
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What two major types of evidence do biologists use to construct phylogenies?
DNA similarities
Homologous structures
Systematics
The science of determining evolutionary relationships of organisms
Taxonomy
The science of classifying organisms
Prokaryotes
Unicelular (one called organisms)
Simple cells: no nucleus and organelles
Small cells
Bacteria and archaea
Pathogens
Eukaryotes
Multicellular
Complex cells: have nucleus and organelles
Larger size
Domain eukarya
Do all bacteria cause disease?
No some microbiome bacteria lives inside out body
How eukaryotic cells evolved ?
1) Early eukaryotic cells were engulf by endocytosis, a bacteria that kept it alive and eventually became mitochondria
2) chloroplasts were formed from photosynthetic bacteria hat became endosymbiosis
Why are Protists all lumped together if they don’t share a common ancestor?
They all are a collection of eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi
Basically they don’t fit in any other categories
Autotroph
Make their own food
Photoautroph: photosynthesis
Ex: chloroplasts
Euglena
Heterotroph
Makes food from an outside source
Ex: Amoeba
Paramecium
How are fungi different from plants or animals?
Get food through decomposers
Multicelular*
Immobile*
Difference between animals and fungi in the way they obtain their nutrients?
Fungi obtain it from decomposers
Animals ingests other organisms for food
Most of the fungal body is composed of microscopic filaments. What is the scientific term of these?
Hyphae
Function of fungal spores
They are spread through the wind or by hitch hiking and eventually mature into hyphae
Decomposer and autotroph ir heterotroph?
Heterotrophs
They absorb digested nutrients
Mycorrzhia
Fungi that from a symbiosis with plant roots
About 80-90% of plant species have mycorrzhial associations
What are characteristics that all plants share (which distinguish them from fungi, animals, and Protists)?
They are photosynthetic
Make their own food by using energy from sunlight to fuel the conversion of CO2 into sugars
Immobile*
Multicelular *
No vascular plants
Seedless plants
Lack specialized tissue used to transport water and nutrients
Make spores, not seeds
Prefer moist environments
Vascular plants
Have vascular tissue
Specialized tubes for transporting water and nutrients
Adaptation for dry land
Most produce seeds
Would you be more likely to find a non vascular plant in the sewer or in a moist shady forest ?
Moist shady forest
Gymnosperms
Naked seed
Male and female gametes are formed in separate structures
Wind pollinated
Angiosperms
Seeds are covered by the ovary
Become fruit or nut shell
Flowers
Pollinated by animals
A bee is visiting a tree and picking up pollen and nectar. Is this tree more likely an angiosperm or a gymnosperm? Why?
Angiosperm
Is being pollinated by an animal
Where the first organisms on the planet most likely prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes
What are characteristics that all animals share (which distinguish them from fungi, plants, and Protists)?
Motile (can move around )
Reproduce sexually
Bodies are usually symmetrical
Multicelular *
No symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Radial symmetry
Examples
No symmetry: sponges
Bilateral symmetry: clear right and left sides
Ex: chordates (mammals)
Radial symmetry: cnidarians (stinging cells),
Examples of each kingdom
D: eukarya K: animalia P: chordata C: mammalia O: primates F: hominids G: homo S: sapiens
Binomial species naming system
Species name= genus + specific name
Ex: Canis lupus
Three domains ?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Viruses?
Not classified in any domain of life
Are not cells
Four eukaryotic kingdoms ?
Protista
Plantae
Fungí
Animalia
