Chapter 16 Part 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
Study of body structures
Ex: 4 chambers of heart
Mouth has teeth, tongue
Physiology
Study of the function of those structures
Ex: heart pumps blood
Mouth use for speech and chewing
Organ system
A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
Homeostasis
Maintaining stable internal conditions regardless of changes outside the body
Descubre how thermoregulation is an example of homeostasis?
Is a method of maintaining homeostasis
When body temp rises, blood vessels dilate to create heat loss and bring it back to the set point
When body temp falls, it shivers to retained heat and bring it up to the set point
General function of the digestive system?
Break down food and absorb nutrients from the food
Ingestión digestion (chemical and mechanical) Peristalsis (movement) Absorption Elimination
Ingestion
Bringing food and liquids into digestive tract
Located in the mouth
Ex: eating, drinking coffee
Mechanical digestion
Physically breaking apart the food chunks into smaller food bits
Located in stomach
Ex: chewing, churning
Chemical digestion
Breaking down food into nutrient molecules using enzymes and digestive enzymes
Located in stomach, small intestine
Peristalsis
Waves of squeezing contractions push food along
Much of the digestive tract is lined with muscle
Located in esophagus
Absorption
Movement of nutrient molecules from digestive tract into the blood
Located in small intestine, large intestine
Elimination
Production and expansion of feces
Located in large intestine
Place in order through which food travels
Stomach Large intestine Small intestine Mouth Esophagus
Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
Salivary amylase
An enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar
Pepsin
Enzyme produce by cells in stomach wall
Breaks down proteins
Requires acidic environment
Two functions of the acid in the stomach?
Activate pepsin
Kill bacteria
Organ that is responsible for most of our digestion and absorption of nutrients ?
Small intestine
Organ responsible for producing bile? Where is bile stored?
Small intestine
Liver produces bile
Gall bladder stores bile
Bile helps breaks down fat
Two roles of the pancreas?
Pancreatic juices neutralize stomach acid when it enters small intestine
Produces digestive enzymes
Hierarchical organization of the human body
Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism
Organ
A structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function
Tissue
Group of similar cells that perform a specific function
Cell
Fundamental unit of life
Building blocks of all living things
Negative feedback
Method of maintaining homeostasis
When body condiment are disrupted away from set point, boy mechanisms act to return conditions to normal
Ex: sweating, shivering
