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Biology > Chapter 16 Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Part 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of body structures

Ex: 4 chambers of heart
Mouth has teeth, tongue

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the function of those structures

Ex: heart pumps blood
Mouth use for speech and chewing

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3
Q

Organ system

A

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

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4
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining stable internal conditions regardless of changes outside the body

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5
Q

Descubre how thermoregulation is an example of homeostasis?

A

Is a method of maintaining homeostasis

When body temp rises, blood vessels dilate to create heat loss and bring it back to the set point

When body temp falls, it shivers to retained heat and bring it up to the set point

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6
Q

General function of the digestive system?

A

Break down food and absorb nutrients from the food

Ingestión
digestion (chemical and mechanical) 
Peristalsis (movement) 
Absorption 
Elimination
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7
Q

Ingestion

A

Bringing food and liquids into digestive tract

Located in the mouth

Ex: eating, drinking coffee

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8
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Physically breaking apart the food chunks into smaller food bits

Located in stomach

Ex: chewing, churning

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9
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Breaking down food into nutrient molecules using enzymes and digestive enzymes

Located in stomach, small intestine

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10
Q

Peristalsis

A

Waves of squeezing contractions push food along

Much of the digestive tract is lined with muscle

Located in esophagus

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11
Q

Absorption

A

Movement of nutrient molecules from digestive tract into the blood

Located in small intestine, large intestine

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12
Q

Elimination

A

Production and expansion of feces

Located in large intestine

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13
Q

Place in order through which food travels

Stomach 
Large intestine 
Small intestine
Mouth 
Esophagus
A 
Mouth
Esophagus 
Stomach 
Small intestine 
Large intestine
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14
Q

Salivary amylase

A

An enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar

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15
Q

Pepsin

A

Enzyme produce by cells in stomach wall

Breaks down proteins

Requires acidic environment

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16
Q

Two functions of the acid in the stomach?

A

Activate pepsin

Kill bacteria

17
Q

Organ that is responsible for most of our digestion and absorption of nutrients ?

A

Small intestine

18
Q

Organ responsible for producing bile? Where is bile stored?

A

Small intestine

Liver produces bile

Gall bladder stores bile

Bile helps breaks down fat

19
Q

Two roles of the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic juices neutralize stomach acid when it enters small intestine

Produces digestive enzymes

20
Q

Hierarchical organization of the human body

A 
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system 
Organism
21
Q

Organ

A

A structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function

22
Q

Tissue

A

Group of similar cells that perform a specific function

23
Q

Cell

A

Fundamental unit of life

Building blocks of all living things

24
Q

Negative feedback

A

Method of maintaining homeostasis

When body condiment are disrupted away from set point, boy mechanisms act to return conditions to normal

Ex: sweating, shivering

25
Q

Positive feedback

A

Overshoot and stay above the set point

Ex: fever, Child birth, blood clotting

26
Q

Four tissue types

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

27
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covering the organs

28
Q

Connective tissue

A

Binds organs and body parts together

Supports other tissues

29
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Responsible for movement

30
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Allows communication between organ systems

Controls body functioning

31
Q

Major organs and accessory organs

A

Esophagus
Stomach
Large intestine
Small intestine

Accessory organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas

32
Q

Esophagus

A

Long, muscular tube that moves food to the stomach

33
Q

Stomach

A

Stores and mixes food

Chemical digestion of proteins (enzyme pepsin)

Acids activate pepsin and kill bacteria

No nutrient absorption

34
Q

Gall bladder

A

Stores and concentrated bile

Bile helps break down fat in small intestine

35
Q

Large intestine

A

Absorbs water

Eliminates feces

Absorbs vitamins and minerals

Peristalsis loves material along

36
Q

Roles the digestive system plays in maintaining homeostasis

A

Water balance: ideal amount of H2O in blood

  • if dehydrated, large intestine absorbs more water
  • well hydrated, large intestine absorbs less water

Calcium

37
Q

Foods minimize or avoided ?

A

Refined grains
Added sugars
Trans and saturated fats

38
Q

Food included in a healthy diet?

A

Whole grains and foods

Unsaturated fats

Biology (19 decks)

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