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Fungi And Civilizations > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

_____ was the first to cultivate mushrooms

A
  • paris, france
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2
Q

Mushrooms have nutritional and medicinal properties such as

A
  1. low in calories, sodium and glucose (beneficial for diabetes)
  2. good source of fiber, low cholesterol and regulate blood pressure
  3. provide vitamin B and D, and minerals such as potassium, phosphorous, calcium and magnesium
  4. contain essential amino acids
  5. contain compounds that enhance tumor fighting capabilities
  6. natural anti-viral and immunity-boosting properties that are used to fight viruses
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3
Q

optimal ______, ______ and _____ for mycelium growth and the conditions that favor fruiting

A
  • temperature
  • moisture
  • other conditions
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4
Q

Substrate options for mushrooms include

A
  1. rice straw
  2. wheat straw
  3. coffee pulp
  4. sawdust
  5. cotton seed hulls
  6. logs
  7. corncobs
  8. paper
  9. horse manure
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5
Q

To obtain a pure culture material from the mature mushrooms are ________ and _________

A
  • grown out

- collected from sterile media

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6
Q

A __________ is an organism that uses dead organic material for food (fungi on dead wood, logs, cultivated mushrooms)

A
  • saprotroph/saprophyte/saprobe
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7
Q

Mushrooms do not contain _______ and therefore depend on other plant material (the substrate) for food

A
  • chlorophyll
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8
Q

Cultivating mushrooms is good for farmers without a lot of _______, it is a way to extract value from ______ and other waste materials, they have a very ____ crop cycle and they can be used as a soil _______ or in some cases ________

A
  • land
  • woodlot thinning
  • conditioner
  • animal feed
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9
Q

A __________ is an organism that can live and multiply only on another living organism (some plant pathogens and endomycorrhizae)

A
  • biotroph/obligate parasites
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10
Q

_________ can be a direct reason for contaminations

A
  • insufficient sterilization
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11
Q

Problems with importation of mushrooms included _______ and _____

A
  • poor shipping conditions

- long travel times

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12
Q

What is the reason for mushroom cultivation?

A
  • provides an opportunity for farmers interested in addition enterprise or specialty crop
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13
Q

Mushroom production is not a “get rich quick” enterprise, it is _____ and _____ intensive

A
  • labor and management
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14
Q

Advantages of cultivating mushrooms include

A
  1. abundance of plant waste for the substrate
  2. Can help protein insufficiency and starvation
  3. Can increase job opportunities
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15
Q

Today _______ has the largest mushroom production in the country

A
  • southeastern pennsylvania
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16
Q

Long before human cultured fungi there were _______. They have a 50 million year old mutualistic relationship with fungi.

A
  • attine ants/ leaf cutter ants
17
Q

Mushroom production takes a considerable amount of ______, ______, _____ and _______ to set up a production system

A
  • knowledge
  • research
  • planning
  • capital investment
18
Q

Steps of mushroom production

A
  1. growing medium (substrate)
  2. pasteurizing or sterilizing the medium
  3. seeding with spawn
  4. maintaining the environment
19
Q

Mushrooms can be used to produce ______ at a profit, while using materials that would otherwise be considered _____

A
  • nutritious food

- waste

20
Q

a pure culture spawn contains only living _____ of the desired mushroom species

A
  • mycelium
21
Q

________ started the american spawn company of st paul Minnesota and was a french mycologist that produced the first pure spawn

A
  • Louis F Lambert
22
Q

Egyptian hieroglyphics referenced mushrooms as the ___________

A
  • mysterious night growing vegetable (decreed food for royalty)
23
Q

Leading countries in mushroom cultivation are ______

A
  • China
  • US
  • the Netherlands
  • france
24
Q

_______ has long been known as the birthplace of the mushroom industry and hosts the mushroom festival

A
  • kennett square
25
Q

Changing culinary trends have resulted in an increase in the ______ of mushrooms

A
  • diversity
26
Q

Recycling agricultural waste products can be used for __________

A
  • mushroom cultivation

- examples include corn cobs, cotton shells, sugar can segments, sugar beets, methane and even industry waste

27
Q

The mushroom treatment

A
  • keep the mushrooms in a dark place and give lots of manure

Fungi And Civilizations (15 decks)

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