Chapter 6 Flashcards
_____ was the first to cultivate mushrooms
- paris, france
Mushrooms have nutritional and medicinal properties such as
- low in calories, sodium and glucose (beneficial for diabetes)
- good source of fiber, low cholesterol and regulate blood pressure
- provide vitamin B and D, and minerals such as potassium, phosphorous, calcium and magnesium
- contain essential amino acids
- contain compounds that enhance tumor fighting capabilities
- natural anti-viral and immunity-boosting properties that are used to fight viruses
optimal ______, ______ and _____ for mycelium growth and the conditions that favor fruiting
- temperature
- moisture
- other conditions
Substrate options for mushrooms include
- rice straw
- wheat straw
- coffee pulp
- sawdust
- cotton seed hulls
- logs
- corncobs
- paper
- horse manure
To obtain a pure culture material from the mature mushrooms are ________ and _________
- grown out
- collected from sterile media
A __________ is an organism that uses dead organic material for food (fungi on dead wood, logs, cultivated mushrooms)
- saprotroph/saprophyte/saprobe
Mushrooms do not contain _______ and therefore depend on other plant material (the substrate) for food
- chlorophyll
Cultivating mushrooms is good for farmers without a lot of _______, it is a way to extract value from ______ and other waste materials, they have a very ____ crop cycle and they can be used as a soil _______ or in some cases ________
- land
- woodlot thinning
- conditioner
- animal feed
A __________ is an organism that can live and multiply only on another living organism (some plant pathogens and endomycorrhizae)
- biotroph/obligate parasites
_________ can be a direct reason for contaminations
- insufficient sterilization
Problems with importation of mushrooms included _______ and _____
- poor shipping conditions
- long travel times
What is the reason for mushroom cultivation?
- provides an opportunity for farmers interested in addition enterprise or specialty crop
Mushroom production is not a “get rich quick” enterprise, it is _____ and _____ intensive
- labor and management
Advantages of cultivating mushrooms include
- abundance of plant waste for the substrate
- Can help protein insufficiency and starvation
- Can increase job opportunities
Today _______ has the largest mushroom production in the country
- southeastern pennsylvania
Long before human cultured fungi there were _______. They have a 50 million year old mutualistic relationship with fungi.
- attine ants/ leaf cutter ants
Mushroom production takes a considerable amount of ______, ______, _____ and _______ to set up a production system
- knowledge
- research
- planning
- capital investment
Steps of mushroom production
- growing medium (substrate)
- pasteurizing or sterilizing the medium
- seeding with spawn
- maintaining the environment
Mushrooms can be used to produce ______ at a profit, while using materials that would otherwise be considered _____
- nutritious food
- waste
a pure culture spawn contains only living _____ of the desired mushroom species
- mycelium
________ started the american spawn company of st paul Minnesota and was a french mycologist that produced the first pure spawn
- Louis F Lambert
Egyptian hieroglyphics referenced mushrooms as the ___________
- mysterious night growing vegetable (decreed food for royalty)
Leading countries in mushroom cultivation are ______
- China
- US
- the Netherlands
- france
_______ has long been known as the birthplace of the mushroom industry and hosts the mushroom festival
- kennett square
Changing culinary trends have resulted in an increase in the ______ of mushrooms
- diversity
Recycling agricultural waste products can be used for __________
- mushroom cultivation
- examples include corn cobs, cotton shells, sugar can segments, sugar beets, methane and even industry waste
The mushroom treatment
- keep the mushrooms in a dark place and give lots of manure
