Chapter 2 Flashcards
Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic
- eukaryotic
Eukaryotic organisms are composed of ____________ cells.
- one or more
Each eukaryotic organisms cell contains a clearly defined __________ enclosed by a membrane along with ___________
- nucleus
- organelles
Organelles
- the things or structures inside of a cell that perform the functions necessary for the cell to survive
Fungi are composed of ___________
- hyphae
Individually hypha are ___________, it elongates by ___________, and has a ___________ surface area.
- microscopic
- tip growth
- enormous
A mass of hyphae make up ___________
- mycelium
Mycelium
- a vegetative part of a fungus, or a network/mass of hyphae
Like plants fungi are ___________ and cannot synthesize their own food
- heterotophic
Heterotrophic
- can not synthesize its own food
Fungi are dependent on ___________ for nutrition and must secrete ___________ to absorb nutrition
- complex organic substances
- extracellular enzymes
To absorb nutrition fungi secrete ___________ that break down food ___________ its body into simpler compounds that the fungus can absorb and use
- enzymes
- outside
Fungi have a cell wall that contains ___________ and ___________
- chitin and glucans
Fungi are dispersed by ___________.
- spores
Reproductive structure of fungi is adapted for dispersion by:
- Air currents, water droplets or foraging by small animals
- Short lived (clear, thin walled) or long loved (dark, thick walled)
- Sexual or asexual
Kingdom Fungi summary**
- Eukaryotes
- Composed of hyphae
- Mass of hyphae make up mycelium
- Heterotrophs
- Absorptive nutrition
- Structural components of cell wall: glucans and chitin
- Dispersed by spores
Basic mushroom growth cycle
- Stipe/stalk and cap
- Gills
- Spore germination
- Hyphae fusion
- Button formation
- Spore production
Above ground, a mushroom consists of a ___________ that supports the cap
- stipe/stalk
The undersides of most caps have thin sheets of tissue called ___________. They contain basidia that produce ___________. ___________ disperses mature spores.
- gills
- basidiospores
- wind
When a basidiospore germinates, it produces ___________ of either mating strain + or -
- hyphae
When different hyphae meet, they fuse and form a new ___________ containing cells with ___________ nuclei
- mycelium
- 2 haploid
The mycelium forms a compact mass, a ___________, just below the soils surface.
- button
A button develops into a ___________ and ___________
- stipe/stalk
- cap
In the ___________ haploid nuclei fuse. Meiosis occurs producing ___________ that develop into ___________
- basidia
- four haploid nuclei
- basidiospores
Asexual fungi
- fungi that do not need to combine with another fungus to reproduce
- they grow and reproduce quickly
Hyphae
- the basic cellular unit in filamentous fungi
Molds and mildews
- fungi that you do not want (like weeds to plants), typically asexual
Fruiting body
- any fungal structure that contains or bears spores
Fungi are the most _______ organisms on earth and are considered only second to the _______ in species diversity
- diverse
- insects
Classification of Fungi
- Kingdom
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
- Fungi
- Basidiomycota
- Hymenomycetes
- Agaricales
- Amanitaceae
- Amanita
- muscaria
Major Phyla represented
- Basidiomycota
- Ascomycota
- Zygomycota
- Glomeromycota
