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Fungi And Civilizations > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic

A
  • eukaryotic
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2
Q

Eukaryotic organisms are composed of ____________ cells.

A
  • one or more
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3
Q

Each eukaryotic organisms cell contains a clearly defined __________ enclosed by a membrane along with ___________

A
  • nucleus

- organelles

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4
Q

Organelles

A
  • the things or structures inside of a cell that perform the functions necessary for the cell to survive
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5
Q

Fungi are composed of ___________

A
  • hyphae
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6
Q

Individually hypha are ___________, it elongates by ___________, and has a ___________ surface area.

A
  • microscopic
  • tip growth
  • enormous
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7
Q

A mass of hyphae make up ___________

A
  • mycelium
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8
Q

Mycelium

A
  • a vegetative part of a fungus, or a network/mass of hyphae
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9
Q

Like plants fungi are ___________ and cannot synthesize their own food

A
  • heterotophic
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10
Q

Heterotrophic

A
  • can not synthesize its own food
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11
Q

Fungi are dependent on ___________ for nutrition and must secrete ___________ to absorb nutrition

A
  • complex organic substances

- extracellular enzymes

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12
Q

To absorb nutrition fungi secrete ___________ that break down food ___________ its body into simpler compounds that the fungus can absorb and use

A
  • enzymes

- outside

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13
Q

Fungi have a cell wall that contains ___________ and ___________

A
  • chitin and glucans
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14
Q

Fungi are dispersed by ___________.

A
  • spores
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15
Q

Reproductive structure of fungi is adapted for dispersion by:

A
  1. Air currents, water droplets or foraging by small animals
  2. Short lived (clear, thin walled) or long loved (dark, thick walled)
  3. Sexual or asexual
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16
Q

Kingdom Fungi summary**

A
  1. Eukaryotes
  2. Composed of hyphae
  3. Mass of hyphae make up mycelium
  4. Heterotrophs
  5. Absorptive nutrition
  6. Structural components of cell wall: glucans and chitin
  7. Dispersed by spores
17
Q

Basic mushroom growth cycle

A
  1. Stipe/stalk and cap
  2. Gills
  3. Spore germination
  4. Hyphae fusion
  5. Button formation
  6. Spore production
18
Q

Above ground, a mushroom consists of a ___________ that supports the cap

A
  • stipe/stalk
19
Q

The undersides of most caps have thin sheets of tissue called ___________. They contain basidia that produce ___________. ___________ disperses mature spores.

A
  • gills
  • basidiospores
  • wind
20
Q

When a basidiospore germinates, it produces ___________ of either mating strain + or -

A
  • hyphae
21
Q

When different hyphae meet, they fuse and form a new ___________ containing cells with ___________ nuclei

A
  • mycelium

- 2 haploid

22
Q

The mycelium forms a compact mass, a ___________, just below the soils surface.

A
  • button
23
Q

A button develops into a ___________ and ___________

A
  • stipe/stalk

- cap

24
Q

In the ___________ haploid nuclei fuse. Meiosis occurs producing ___________ that develop into ___________

A
  • basidia
  • four haploid nuclei
  • basidiospores
25
Q

Asexual fungi

A
  • fungi that do not need to combine with another fungus to reproduce
  • they grow and reproduce quickly
26
Q

Hyphae

A
  • the basic cellular unit in filamentous fungi
27
Q

Molds and mildews

A
  • fungi that you do not want (like weeds to plants), typically asexual
28
Q

Fruiting body

A
  • any fungal structure that contains or bears spores
29
Q

Fungi are the most _______ organisms on earth and are considered only second to the _______ in species diversity

A
  • diverse

- insects

30
Q

Classification of Fungi

  1. Kingdom
  2. Class
  3. Order
  4. Family
  5. Genus
  6. Species
A
  1. Fungi
  2. Basidiomycota
  3. Hymenomycetes
  4. Agaricales
  5. Amanitaceae
  6. Amanita
  7. muscaria
31
Q

Major Phyla represented

A
  1. Basidiomycota
  2. Ascomycota
  3. Zygomycota
  4. Glomeromycota

Fungi And Civilizations (15 decks)

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