Chapter 6 Flashcards
Selective attention
THE focusing OF conscious awareness on a particular stimulus , as in the cocktail party effect
Inattentional blindness
Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
Visual capture
The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses
Gestalt
A configuration orpatter of elements so unified as a whole that it cannot be described merely as a sum of its parts
Figure ground
The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that sound out from their surroundings (the ground)
Grouping
Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit
Depth perception
The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional; allows us to judge distance
Visual cliff
A labortoory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals
Binocular queue
Depth queue such as retinal disparity and convergence that depends on the use of both eyes
Retinal disparity
A binocular cue for perceiving death by comparing images from the two eyeballs , the brain computes distance, the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the close the object
Convergence
The occupancy of two or more things coming together
Monocular cues
Depth cues, SUCH as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone
Phi phenomenon
An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession
Perceptual constancy
Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness color shape and size even as illumination and retinal images change
Persoetual adaption
In vision, THE ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or EVEN Incerted visual field
The ability of the body to adapt to environment by filtering out distractions
Perceptual set
A mental predispotion to perceive one thing and not another
Human factors psychology
The study of how people and machines interact and the design or safe and easily used machines and environments
Extrasensorh perception
Apparent power to perceive things that aren’t present to the senses
Parapsychology
Phenomena that appears to contradict physical laws and suggest the possibility of causation by mental processes
Telepathy
Mind to mind communication. One person sending thoughts and the other receiving them
Clairvoyance
Perception of remote events, such as sensing a friends house on fire
Precognition
Proceeding future events such as political leaders death
Psychokinesis
Mind over matter, such as levitating a table
Human factors psychologists
Design machines that assist our natural perceptions for example the knobs for the stove burners on the right are easier to understand than those in the left
L what is form perception
Form perception brings order and form to stimuli by organizing them into meaningful groups
Figure ground
It captures the idea that in perceiving a visual field some objects take a prominent role the figures while others receipt in the background
Law of proximity
When we perceive a collection of objects we will see objects close to each other as forming a group
Law of similarity
Captures the idea that elements will be grouped perceptually if they are similar to each other
Law of closure
Persists that we perceptually close up or complete objects that are not, in fact complete.
Connectedness
Connectedness of the sensation and perception term that refers to the perception of uniform or linked spots, lines, or areas as a single unit. When these forms are linked together or uniform they simply appear to form a single unit and seem to go together
Continuity
I guess Stolt principle of perceptual organization that states people have a tendency to group stimuli into continuous lines and patterns for example when you see geese flying south for the winter they fly in formation that to us looks like a big V
What did Emanuelle kant say about perceptual interpretation
He maintained that knowledge comes from our inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences
What did John Locke say about perceptual interpretation
Are you that we learn to perceive the world through our experiences
Example of active involvement in the environment
Cookie cutters
Example of perceptual set/mental predisposition
I’m scrambling the word as P or eight based on the category of the previous words
Example of adaptability
Upside down glasses
Example of perceptual schema
Kids drawings
Context
Teenager versus parent point of view
Perceptual set
A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
Perceptual schema
A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
Selective attention
The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
Example of selective attention
Cocktail party effect
Texture gradient
The closer we are to an object in more detail we can see a bit’s surface texture
Interposition
Occurs in instances when one object overlaps the other which causes us to perceive depth
Relative clarity
Because the light from distant objects must pass through more atmosphere we perceive hazy object as being farther away than clear distant objects
Kittens reared seeing only horizontal lines
Later had difficulty perceiving vertical lines and never regain normal sensitivity
Which of the following depth cues created the impression of a visual cliff
Texture gradient
Top down processing
Behavior is influenced by conceptual data housed within the higher order cognitive process
Ex. Wandering around apt in the dark and u can GET Adound well because you conseptualize WHAT ur apt looks like which drives ur behavior
Bottom up processing
Data driven- states that perception directs cognition.
We start at the bottom with observable patterns and these inform our higher order cognitive processes
Ex. Outside data causes our behaviors
