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AP psycology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Selective attention

A

THE focusing OF conscious awareness on a particular stimulus , as in the cocktail party effect

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2
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

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3
Q

Visual capture

A

The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

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4
Q

Gestalt

A

A configuration orpatter of elements so unified as a whole that it cannot be described merely as a sum of its parts

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5
Q

Figure ground

A

The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that sound out from their surroundings (the ground)

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6
Q

Grouping

A

Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

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7
Q

Depth perception

A

The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional; allows us to judge distance

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8
Q

Visual cliff

A

A labortoory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

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9
Q

Binocular queue

A

Depth queue such as retinal disparity and convergence that depends on the use of both eyes

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10
Q

Retinal disparity

A

A binocular cue for perceiving death by comparing images from the two eyeballs , the brain computes distance, the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the close the object

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11
Q

Convergence

A

The occupancy of two or more things coming together

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12
Q

Monocular cues

A

Depth cues, SUCH as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone

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13
Q

Phi phenomenon

A

An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

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14
Q

Perceptual constancy

A

Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness color shape and size even as illumination and retinal images change

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15
Q

Persoetual adaption

A

In vision, THE ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or EVEN Incerted visual field

The ability of the body to adapt to environment by filtering out distractions

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16
Q

Perceptual set

A

A mental predispotion to perceive one thing and not another

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17
Q

Human factors psychology

A

The study of how people and machines interact and the design or safe and easily used machines and environments

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18
Q

Extrasensorh perception

A

Apparent power to perceive things that aren’t present to the senses

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19
Q

Parapsychology

A

Phenomena that appears to contradict physical laws and suggest the possibility of causation by mental processes

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20
Q

Telepathy

A

Mind to mind communication. One person sending thoughts and the other receiving them

21
Q

Clairvoyance

A

Perception of remote events, such as sensing a friends house on fire

22
Q

Precognition

A

Proceeding future events such as political leaders death

23
Q

Psychokinesis

A

Mind over matter, such as levitating a table

24
Q

Human factors psychologists

A

Design machines that assist our natural perceptions for example the knobs for the stove burners on the right are easier to understand than those in the left

25
Q

L what is form perception

A

Form perception brings order and form to stimuli by organizing them into meaningful groups

26
Q

Figure ground

A

It captures the idea that in perceiving a visual field some objects take a prominent role the figures while others receipt in the background

27
Q

Law of proximity

A

When we perceive a collection of objects we will see objects close to each other as forming a group

28
Q

Law of similarity

A

Captures the idea that elements will be grouped perceptually if they are similar to each other

29
Q

Law of closure

A

Persists that we perceptually close up or complete objects that are not, in fact complete.

30
Q

Connectedness

A

Connectedness of the sensation and perception term that refers to the perception of uniform or linked spots, lines, or areas as a single unit. When these forms are linked together or uniform they simply appear to form a single unit and seem to go together

31
Q

Continuity

A

I guess Stolt principle of perceptual organization that states people have a tendency to group stimuli into continuous lines and patterns for example when you see geese flying south for the winter they fly in formation that to us looks like a big V

32
Q

What did Emanuelle kant say about perceptual interpretation

A

He maintained that knowledge comes from our inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences

33
Q

What did John Locke say about perceptual interpretation

A

Are you that we learn to perceive the world through our experiences

34
Q

Example of active involvement in the environment

A

Cookie cutters

35
Q

Example of perceptual set/mental predisposition

A

I’m scrambling the word as P or eight based on the category of the previous words

36
Q

Example of adaptability

A

Upside down glasses

37
Q

Example of perceptual schema

A

Kids drawings

38
Q

Context

A

Teenager versus parent point of view

39
Q

Perceptual set

A

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

40
Q

Perceptual schema

A

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

41
Q

Selective attention

A

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

42
Q

Example of selective attention

A

Cocktail party effect

43
Q

Texture gradient

A

The closer we are to an object in more detail we can see a bit’s surface texture

44
Q

Interposition

A

Occurs in instances when one object overlaps the other which causes us to perceive depth

45
Q

Relative clarity

A

Because the light from distant objects must pass through more atmosphere we perceive hazy object as being farther away than clear distant objects

46
Q

Kittens reared seeing only horizontal lines

A

Later had difficulty perceiving vertical lines and never regain normal sensitivity

47
Q

Which of the following depth cues created the impression of a visual cliff

A

Texture gradient

48
Q

Top down processing

A

Behavior is influenced by conceptual data housed within the higher order cognitive process
Ex. Wandering around apt in the dark and u can GET Adound well because you conseptualize WHAT ur apt looks like which drives ur behavior

49
Q

Bottom up processing

A

Data driven- states that perception directs cognition.
We start at the bottom with observable patterns and these inform our higher order cognitive processes

Ex. Outside data causes our behaviors

AP psycology (19 decks)

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