Chapter 1 Vocab

Question 1

Hindisignt bias

Answer 1

The tendency to believe after running it outcome that one would have foreseen (I knew it all along syndrome)

Question 2

Critical thinking

Answer 2

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather it examines assumptions discerns hidden values evaluates evidence

Question 3

Theory

Answer 3

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations

Question 4

Hypothesis

Answer 4

A testable prediction, often implied by theory

Question 5

Operational definition

Answer 5

A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. (Human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures)

Question 6

Replication

Answer 6

Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and other circumstances

Question 7

Case study

Answer 7

And observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in hopes of revealing universal principles

Question 8

Survey

Answer 8

A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them

Question 9

False consensus effect

Answer 9

The tendency to overestimate extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors (projection)

Question 10

Population

Answer 10

All cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study and not number of individuals in a population

Question 11

Random sample

Answer 11

Hey sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Question 12

Naturalistic observation

Answer 12

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Question 13

Correlation

Answer 13

Measure of the extent to which two factors very together and that’s at how well either factor predicts the other

Question 14

Scatterplot

Answer 14

A graft cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the two. Suggest the direction of the relationship between the two variables. Amount of scatter suggest the strength of the correlation

Question 15

Illusory correlation

Answer 15

The perception of a relationship where none exists

Question 16

Experiment

Answer 16

It’s not that and went to the investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variable) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental processes (dependent variable) hi random assignment of participants, but experiment aims to control other relevant factors

Question 17

Double blind procedure

Answer 17

An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or placebo
(Commonly used in drug evaluation studies

Question 18

Placebo effect

Answer 18

Experimental results caused by expectations alone any effect on behavior caused by ministration of an injured substance or condition which is assumed to be an active agent

Question 19

Experimental condition

Answer 19

The condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment that is to one version of the independent variable

Question 20

Control condition

Answer 20

The condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating effect of the treatment

Question 21

Random assignment

Answer 21

Experimental and control conditions by chance, that’s minimizing pre-existing differences between those assigned groups

Question 22

Independent variable

Answer 22

Experimental back door that is manipulated

Question 23

Mode

Answer 23

The most frequently occurring score is in a distribution

Question 24

Median

Answer 24

The middle score in a distribution where half the scores are above it and half are below it

Question 25

Mean

Answer 25

Arithmetic average of a distribution obtained by adding the scores then dividing by the number of scores

Question 26

Range

Answer 26

Difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

Question 27

Standard deviation

Answer 27

Hey computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

Question 28

Statistical significance

Answer 28

Statistical statement of how likely it is that and a result occurred by chance

Question 29

Culture

Answer 29

Enduring behaviors ideas attitudes expedition shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next