Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Phrenology

A

Theory that claimed bumps on the C-skull could reveal our mental abilities and are character traits

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2
Q

Action potential

A

A neural impulse is: a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. Potential for a neuron to fire again

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3
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Carry messages from the bodies tissue and sensory organs in word to the brain and spinal cord for processing (body to brain)

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4
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry outgoing information from brain to spinal cord to the muscles and glands (brain to body)

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5
Q

Intern neurons

A

Information is processed by these in the brain between sensory and motor input/output

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6
Q

Dendrite fiber

A

Receive information and conducted toward the cell body

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7
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Insulates the axons of some neurons and help spread their impulses

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8
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap between neurons

They are like grappling hooks thrown to scale a building

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9
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Euro transmitters that function in motor movement and muscle control: play a role in memory/learning

Lack of it can lead to Alzheimer’s

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10
Q

Dopamine

A

Functions in motor control and mental alertness

Emotions

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11
Q

Serotonin

A

Affects mood hunger sleep and arousal

Back of this leads to depression

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12
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Helps control alertness and arousal. Also linked to Depression

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13
Q

GABA is

A

A major and have a Tory neurotransmitter. Lack of this is linked to seizures and insomnia

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14
Q

Endorphins

A

Functions in pain control, involved in serious addiction’s

Released in physical activity such as running biking soccer etc.

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15
Q

Agonist

A

Similar enough to neurotransmitters to mimic affects

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16
Q

Antagonist

A

Blocks and neurotransmitters functions

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17
Q

Sensory neurons example of function

A

Your nerves in your fingers tell you when you touch a hot stove

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18
Q

Example of motor neurons

A

Your brain telling you to type

19
Q

Interneurons

A

Act as a sort of mediator

20
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Divisions of the peripheral nervous system controls the body skeletal muscles

21
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Divisions of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands in the muscles of the internal organs and the muscles of the internal organs (heart)

Auto gnomic control of body like a heartbeat or breathing in your sleep

22
Q

Neural networks

A

Circuit of neurons making connections. Bees build when you learn something. They bond together and fire together

23
Q

Lesion

A

Tissue destruction. Done to remove tumors

24
Q

EEG

A

And amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep’s across the brain surface is. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

25
Q

CAT scan

A

Allows Compaz it of numerous single x-ray images. Display structures but not activity, and expose his body to bad radiation

26
Q

MRI

A

Uses magnetic fields to measure/display information of the brain (structure not functions) better detailed than CAT scan is often with color

27
Q

Pet scan

A

Can see activity in the brain. Displays glucose levels like a weather map

28
Q

Medulla

A

The base of the brainstem, controls heartbeat and breathing

29
Q

Reticular formation

A

I nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal (keeping us conscious)

30
Q

Thalamus

A

The brains sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem: it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum, and medulla

Receives sensory info, directs it to different areas of the brain

31
Q

Limbic system

A

Neural system of the Amygdala and hypothalamus. Located between the Cerebral hemispheres associated with emotions and drives

32
Q

Cerebellum

A

A little brain at the rear of the brainstem: functions: coordination of movement output and balance

33
Q

Hypothalamus

A

And neural structure below the thalamus: governs endocrine system (hunger and thirst influences sexual arousal and biorhythms)

34
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Ultimate control and information processing

35
Q

Glial cells

A

Provide nutrients for neurons

36
Q

Sensory cortex

A

Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body and movement sensations

37
Q

Association areas

A

Involved in higher mental functions rather than motor or sensory

38
Q

Aphasia

A

Impairment of language, usually caused by the left hemisphere damage to brokas or Warnicke’s area

39
Q

Plasticity

A

Brains ability to re-organize itself by building new pathways based on experience after damage

Heals itself

40
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Band of neural fibers that connects to hemispheres and relays messages

41
Q

Endocrine system

A

Slow chemical communication system, secretes hormones into bloodstream

42
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers manufactured by endocrine gland

43
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Set above kidneys, secret hormones that arouse body during stress

44
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands