Chapter 6 Flashcards
Cognitive dissonance theorytheory
The idea that people have such distaste for perceiving and kisses since he’s in their beliefs, attitudes, and behavior that they will bias their own attitudes and beliefs to try to deny inconsistencies.
Free choice paradigm
A laboratory situation in which people make a choice between two alternatives, and after they do attraction to the alternatives is assessed.
Induced compliance paradigm
The laboratory situation in which participants are induced to engage in a behavior that runs counter to their true attitude.
Induced hypocrisy paradigm
A laboratory situation in which participants are asked to advocate an opinion they already believe in, but then I reminded about a time when their actions ran counter to that opinion, thereby a rousing dissonance
Efforts justification
The phenomenon whereby people reduce dissonance by convincing themselves that what they suffered for is actually quite valuable
Minimum deterrence
Use of the minimum level of external justification necessary to deter unwanted behavior
Self-concept clarity
Be clearly defined, internally consistent, and temporally stable self - concept
Self verification
Seeking out other people and social situations that support the way 1 views oneself in order to sustain a consistent and clear self concept
Self complexity
The extent to which an individual’s self concept consists of many different aspects
Self narratives
A coherent life story that connects one’s past, present, and possible future
Possible selves
Images of what the self might become in the future
Self esteem
The level of positive feelings one has about oneself
Self handicapping
Placing obstacles in the way of one’s own success to protect self esteem from a possible failure
Projection
Assigning to others those traits that people fear they possess themselves
Theory of symbolic self-completion
The idea that when people perceive that a self-defining aspect is threatened, they feel incomplete and then try to compensate by acquiring and displaying symbols that support their desired self definition
Compensation
After a blow to self esteem in one domain, people often shore up their overall sense of self-worth by bolstering how they think of themselves in an unrelated domain
Self-affirmation theory
The idea that people respond less defensively to threats buy one aspect of themselves if they think about another valued aspect of themselves
Basking in reflected glory
Associating oneself with successful others to help bolster one’s own self esteem
Self-evaluation maintenance model
The idea that people adjust their perceived similarity to successful others to minimize threatening comparisons and maximize self esteem supporting identifications
Anxiety buffer
The idea that self esteem allows people to face threats with their anxiety minimized
Socio meter model
The idea that a basic function of self-esteem used to indicate to the individual how much here she is accepted by the people
Self compassion
Being kind to ourselves when we suffer, fail, or feel inadequate, recognizing the imperfection is part of the human condition, and accepting rather than denying negative feelings about ourselves.
Dramaturgical perspective
Using the theater as a metaphor, the idea that people, like actors, perform according to a script. If we all know the script and play our parts well, then like a successful play, are social interactions full movie and see meaningful, and each actor benefits.
Self-monitoring
An individual difference in people’s desire and ability to adjust their self preservation for different audiences
Spotlight effect
The belief that others are more focused on us than they actually are
Illusion of transparency
The tendency to overestimate another’s ability to know our internal thoughts and feelings
Self determination theory
The idea that people function best when they feel that their actions stem from their own desires rather from external forces
Overjustification effect
The tendency for scene and rewards or threats to lead people to a tribute the reason, or justification, for engaging an activity to an external factor, which there by undermines there intrinsic motivation for an enjoyment of the activity
Flow
The feeling of being completely absorbed in an activity that is appropriately challenging to one’s skills
Mindfulness
The state of being an acting fully in the current moment
