Chapter 6

Question 1

Cognitive dissonance theorytheory

Answer 1

The idea that people have such distaste for perceiving and kisses since he’s in their beliefs, attitudes, and behavior that they will bias their own attitudes and beliefs to try to deny inconsistencies.

Question 2

Free choice paradigm

Answer 2

A laboratory situation in which people make a choice between two alternatives, and after they do attraction to the alternatives is assessed.

Question 3

Induced compliance paradigm

Answer 3

The laboratory situation in which participants are induced to engage in a behavior that runs counter to their true attitude.

Question 4

Induced hypocrisy paradigm

Answer 4

A laboratory situation in which participants are asked to advocate an opinion they already believe in, but then I reminded about a time when their actions ran counter to that opinion, thereby a rousing dissonance

Question 5

Efforts justification

Answer 5

The phenomenon whereby people reduce dissonance by convincing themselves that what they suffered for is actually quite valuable

Question 6

Minimum deterrence

Answer 6

Use of the minimum level of external justification necessary to deter unwanted behavior

Question 7

Self-concept clarity

Answer 7

Be clearly defined, internally consistent, and temporally stable self - concept

Question 8

Self verification

Answer 8

Seeking out other people and social situations that support the way 1 views oneself in order to sustain a consistent and clear self concept

Question 9

Self complexity

Answer 9

The extent to which an individual’s self concept consists of many different aspects

Question 10

Self narratives

Answer 10

A coherent life story that connects one’s past, present, and possible future

Question 11

Possible selves

Answer 11

Images of what the self might become in the future

Question 12

Self esteem

Answer 12

The level of positive feelings one has about oneself

Question 13

Self handicapping

Answer 13

Placing obstacles in the way of one’s own success to protect self esteem from a possible failure

Question 14

Projection

Answer 14

Assigning to others those traits that people fear they possess themselves

Question 15

Theory of symbolic self-completion

Answer 15

The idea that when people perceive that a self-defining aspect is threatened, they feel incomplete and then try to compensate by acquiring and displaying symbols that support their desired self definition

Question 16

Compensation

Answer 16

After a blow to self esteem in one domain, people often shore up their overall sense of self-worth by bolstering how they think of themselves in an unrelated domain

Question 17

Self-affirmation theory

Answer 17

The idea that people respond less defensively to threats buy one aspect of themselves if they think about another valued aspect of themselves

Question 18

Basking in reflected glory

Answer 18

Associating oneself with successful others to help bolster one’s own self esteem

Question 19

Self-evaluation maintenance model

Answer 19

The idea that people adjust their perceived similarity to successful others to minimize threatening comparisons and maximize self esteem supporting identifications

Question 20

Anxiety buffer

Answer 20

The idea that self esteem allows people to face threats with their anxiety minimized

Question 21

Socio meter model

Answer 21

The idea that a basic function of self-esteem used to indicate to the individual how much here she is accepted by the people

Question 22

Self compassion

Answer 22

Being kind to ourselves when we suffer, fail, or feel inadequate, recognizing the imperfection is part of the human condition, and accepting rather than denying negative feelings about ourselves.

Question 23

Dramaturgical perspective

Answer 23

Using the theater as a metaphor, the idea that people, like actors, perform according to a script. If we all know the script and play our parts well, then like a successful play, are social interactions full movie and see meaningful, and each actor benefits.

Question 24

Self-monitoring

Answer 24

An individual difference in people’s desire and ability to adjust their self preservation for different audiences

Question 25

Spotlight effect

Answer 25

The belief that others are more focused on us than they actually are

Question 26

Illusion of transparency

Answer 26

The tendency to overestimate another’s ability to know our internal thoughts and feelings

Question 27

Self determination theory

Answer 27

The idea that people function best when they feel that their actions stem from their own desires rather from external forces

Question 28

Overjustification effect

Answer 28

The tendency for scene and rewards or threats to lead people to a tribute the reason, or justification, for engaging an activity to an external factor, which there by undermines there intrinsic motivation for an enjoyment of the activity

Question 29

Flow

Answer 29

The feeling of being completely absorbed in an activity that is appropriately challenging to one’s skills

Question 30

Mindfulness

Answer 30

The state of being an acting fully in the current moment