Chapter 5 Flashcards
Self concept
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a person’s knowledge about him or herself, including one’s own traits, social identities, and experiences
Social identity theory
the theory that people define and value themselves largely in terms of the social groups with which they identify
Ego
the aspect of self that directs one’s thoughts and actions.
Social role theory
the theory that gender differences in behavior personality and self-definition arise because of a long history of role distribution between the sexes.
Self schema
an integrated set of memories, beliefs, and generalizations about an attribute that is part of one’s self concept
Working self concept
the portion of oneself schema that is currently activated and strongly influences thoughts, feelings, and action.
Solo status
a sense that one is unique in some specific manner in relation to other people in the current environment
Symbolic interactionism
the perspective that people use their understanding of how significant people in their lives view them as the primary basis for knowing and evaluating themselves
Looking Glass self
the idea that significant people in our lives reflect back to us, like a mirror, who we are by how they behave towards us.
Appraisals
what other people think about us.
Reflected appraisals
what we think other people think about us.
Social comparison theory
the theory that people come to know themselves partly by comparing themselves with similar others.
Downward comparison
comparing oneself with those who are worse off.
Upward comparison
comparing oneself with those who are better off
Better than average effect
the tendency to rank oneself higher than most people on positive attributes.
Self-perception theory
the theory that people sometimes infer their attitudes and attributes by observing their behavior in the situation in which it occurs.
Facial feedback hypothesis
the idea that changes in facial expression elicits emotions associated with those expressions.
Two-factor theory of emotion
the theory that people’s emotions are the product of both of their arousal level and how they interpret that arousal.
Misattribution of arousal
ascribing arousal resulting from one source to a different source.
Excitation transfer Theory
the idea that leftover arousal caused by an initial event can intensify emotional reactions to a second event.
Self-awareness theory
the theory that aspects of the self - 1 attitudes, values, and goals - will be most likely to influence behavior when attention is focused on the self
Self-regulation
the process of getting one thoughts, feelings, and behavior to reach desired goals.
Self discrepancy theory
the theory that people feelings iety when they fall short of how they ought to be, they feel sad when they fall short of how they ideally want to be.
Expectancy value theory
the theory that effort is based on the value or desirability of the goal, multiplied by the person’s assessment of how likely it is that she will be able to attain the goal.
