Chapter 6 Flashcards
Effects of Industrialization
Rapid urbanization
Factory system produced goods at lower prices, so ppl were buying stuff that only the wealthy could afford before
Industrialized countries began competing, altering patterns of world trade
Western powers began to dominate the world even more than before
Henry Bessemer
developed Bessemer process, which was more efficient way of making steel from iron
Steel was lighter, harder, and more durable than iron so it became used more often after the Bessemer Process was invented
Alfred Nobel
invented dynamite, which was a much safer explosive
Michael Faraday
first simple electric motor
first dynamo [machine that generate electricity]
Thomas Edison
first electric light bulb
what were new methods of production to improve efficiency and what this this result in?
Manufacturers designed products with interchangeable parts [identical components that could be used in place of one another]
Assembly line
This resulted in lowered price of goods
Nikolaus Otto
invented the internal combustion engine
Karl Benz
invented the first automobile with three wheels
Gottlieb Daimler
invented the first four wheeled automobile
Ford
used the assembly line to mass produce cars, making the US a leader in the automobile industry
Which invention allowed for flight?
The internal combustion engine allowed for flight
Samuel F.B. Morse
first telegraph
An undersea cable was built between Europe and North America
Alexander Graham Bell
telephone
Guglielmo Marconi
radio
Alfred Krupp
In Germany, Alfred Krupp inherited steelmaking and other mining stuff. He and his son acquired plants that made tools, railroad cars, and weapons
german mining monopoly guy
John D. Rockefeller
Standard Oil Company
America
monopoly in petroleum industry
Danger of monopolies?
With competition gone, ppl raised prices and formed cartels [group of corporations that work in association control markets]
Louis Pasteur
proved germ theory [idea that certain microbes cause diseases]
Developed vaccine
Discovered pasteurization
Robert Koch
identified the bacterium that causes tuberculosis
Florence Nightingale
army nurse
insisted on sanitary measures in British hospitals
founded first nursing school
Joseph Lister
discovered the use of antiseptics and insisted that surgeons sterilize their instruments and wash their hands before operating
Louis Sullivan
Louis Sullivan and others pioneered skyscrapers made from steel
mutual-aid societies
self-help groups to aid sick or injured workers
What was the main tactic of labor unions?
the strike
what were the ideals in cult of domesticity and who followed these ideals?
ideal woman stayed at home and was seen as a tender, self-sacrificing caregiver
middle class ppl followed this thinking
Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony
campaigned for abolition of slavery before campaigning for women’s suffrage
Julia Brainerd Hall
worked with her brother, Charles, to develop aluminum-producing process, but he received most of the credit
Why did some western territories grant suffrage earlier than the rest of the US?
Women who had “tamed the frontier” alongside men weren’t seen as weak and helpless in some western US territories
Sojourner Truth
African American suffrage activist
Emily Davies
campaigned for female students to take the entrance exams for Cambridge University
John Dalton
develops the modern atomic theory
Charles Lyell
In Charles Lyell’s Principles of Geology, offered evidence to show that Earth formed over millions of years
social gospel
movement that urged Chrustians to social service
