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World History > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

flapper

A

rebellious young women; originated in America, then spread worldwide

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2
Q

John T. Scopes

A

John T. Scopes was tried for teaching evolution in Tennessee
Broke the law that barred the teaching of anything in opposition to the Bible’s version
Was found guilty

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3
Q

lost generation?

A

refers to the generation of writers who left US and moved to Paris; coined by Gertrude Stein

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4
Q

“stream of consciousness” in new literature after wwi?

A

presents a character’s random thoughts and feelings w/out imposing logic/order

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5
Q

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A

African American cultural awakening

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6
Q

Enrico Fermi?

A

discovered atomic fission

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7
Q

fleming?

A

penicillin

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8
Q

freud?

A

Ppl feel tension between social training and repressed drives
(Suggested that subconscious mind drives much of human behavior
Learned social values help repress powerful urges)

Psychoanalysis

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9
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

a method of studying how the mind worlds and treating mental disorders

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10
Q

new forms of art after wwi

A

fauvism [bright colors applied from tubes]: Matisse

cubism [3D objects represented as angles and planes]: Picasso, Braque

abstract [only lines, colors, shapes, sometimes no recognizable subject matter]: Kandinsky, Klee

dada [believed there was no sense or truth to the world]: Arp, Ernst

surrealism: Dali
Inspired by cubism and dada
Attempted to portray the workings of the unconscious mind
Rejected rational thought, which spawned the horrors of WWI

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11
Q

Bauhaus school?

A

Bauhaus school in Germany blended science and technology w architecture design

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12
Q

Frank Lloyd Wright?

A

thought the function of a building should determine its form

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13
Q

Britain party and when did they dominate and what did they do?

A

Liberal, Labour, Conservative

Labour Party (socialism) became more popular than Liberal party
Passed some social laws, but mainly supported middle class

Conservative Party became more powerful than Labour party
Limited power of workers to strike

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14
Q

Ireland timeline?

A

home-rule bill was passed, but forgotten bc of WWI

Easter Rising → group of Irish revolted against British rule, suppressed

IRA [Irish Republican Army] → began guerilla war against the British

agreement was reached
Most became Irish Free State; largely Protestant north remained under British rule

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15
Q

France’s gov troubles after wwi

A

A series of quickly changing coalition govs ruled France

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16
Q

“The Red Scare”

A

Fear of radicals and the Bolshevik Revolution set off “Red Scare”
Laws were passed to limit European immigration (Asian immigration was already limited previously)

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17
Q

Maginot Line

A

French fortifications built to stop German invasion

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18
Q

Locarno treaties

A

treaties that settled Germany’s disputed borders

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19
Q

Kellogg-Briand Pact

A

promised to renounce war as an instrument of national policy; almost every independent nation agreed to thi

US started it

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20
Q

Disarmament and how it applied after wwi

A

reduction of armed forces and weapons

Nations reduced the size of navies, not armies

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21
Q

Why did Britain want to ease treaty’s treatment of Germany?

A

Feared that if Germany was weak, France and Soviet Union would become too powerful

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22
Q

general strike and where did it occur?

A

strike by workers in many different industries

occurred in Britain for nine days, ~3 mil workers

23
Q

Why did France’s economy recover quicker?

A

Financial reparations and territories from Germany helped

24
Q

Great Depression timeline

A

falling demand and overproduction
higher interest rates
Stock Market Crash
higher interest rates
bank closures
international effect

25
Q

why did demand fall and overproduction occur before great depression?

A

Demand for raw materials was high during the war and dropped drastically after the war, causing prices on raw materials to drop
Farmer and other suppliers earned less as a result

Better technology allowed factories to make more products faster
Led to overproduction [production of goods > demand]
As demand went down, factories cut back on production and workers lost their jobs

26
Q

Why did the Federal Reserve raise interest rates and why did this backfire?

A

Federal Reserve raised interest rates to slow the run of the stock market
The higher interest rates made the ppl nervous about investing, hurting demand

27
Q

international effect of Great Depression

A

American banks stopped making loans abroad and demanded repayment of foreign loans
Germany couldn’t make reparation payments w/out support from US
France and Britain couldn’t repay their loans

US imposed the highest tariffs ever, which backfired bc other nations did too

28
Q

How did Britain respond to Great Depression?

A

Britain set up a coalition gov that was made up of leaders from all three major parties
Provided some unemployment benefits, but didn’t help much

29
Q

How did France respond to Great Depression?

A

In France, leftist parties united behind socialist Leon Blum’s Popular Front government

Tried to solve labor problem and passed some social laws, but didn’t satisfy more radical leftists
Strikes brought down the gov
Country lacked strong leadership

30
Q

Why was Italy in turmoil after wwi?

A

Italy felt betrayed by Allies’ secret promises
Peasants and workers revolted
Veterans faced unemployment
Economy failed
Gov split into feuding factions, and was therefore useless

31
Q

Who were the Black Shirts?

A

Combat squads organized by Mussolini
Rejected democracy and socialism in favor of violence
Many Italians accepted them bc they lost faith in their constitutional gov too

32
Q

March on Rome and effects

A

Fascists swarmed the capitol
King Victor Emmanuel III asked to form a gov w prime minister bc he wanted to avoid civil war
Thus Mussolini gained appointment from the king to lead Italy

33
Q

Why did Mussolini gain support from the pope? Which pope?

A

for recognizing Vatican City as an independent state, altho pope didn’t agree w his goals

Pope Pius XI

34
Q

Mussolini’s control of the economy?

A

Mussolini brought economy under state control, but preserved capitalism
His system favored upper classes and industrial leaders; workers suffered
Workers’ wages were kept low and they were forbidden to strike

35
Q

What is Fascism?

A

describes any authoritarian gov that is not communist, state > individual, destructive to basic human rights

Ultranationalism

violence and discipline

blind loyalty to the state

aggressive foreign expansion

antidemocratic [rejected faith in reason an equality]

36
Q

fascism vs. communism?

A

Fascists were sworn enemies of socialists and communists

Differences –>
- Communists: international change; fascists: nationalism
- Communists: classless; fascism: supported classes; allied w the rich

Similarities –>
- Drew power by inspiring blind devotion to state / charismatic leader as embodiment of state
- Used terror to keep power
- Flourished during economic struggles
- A party leader claimed to rule in the name of national interest

37
Q

what was the first totalitarian state?

A

Fascist Italy

38
Q

command economy and which country was this?

A

where gov officials make all basic economic decisions

Stalin’s Soviet Union

39
Q

kulaks?

A

wealthy farmers

40
Q

gulags?

A

system of labor camps

41
Q

The Great Purge and results?

A

Stalin feared rival party leaders so he started the Great Purge
Later, he conducted “show trials” and punished anyone he suspected
Millions of people were purged during this time

Increased loyalty to Stalin
Many of the most talented people were purged, including most military leaders and half of military officers

42
Q

socialist realism

A

goal was to show Soviet life in a positive light and promote hope in communist future

Stalin used this to censor the arts

43
Q

Soviet Elite under Stalin

A

Head of society were members of the Communist party
Some joined bc they wanted to get ahead instead of a belief in communism

Soviet elites enjoyed benefits denied to most ppl
(Industrial managers, military leaders, scientists, etc.)

Stalin’s purges often fell on the elite

44
Q

Comintern? Who formed it? Effects on Western countries?

A

Communist International; encourages world-wide revolution

Lenin formed Comintern

This made Western countries suspicious of the Soviet Union
US → “Red Scare”
Britain → cut off ties when they learned Soviet Union wanted to turn 1926 strike into a revolution

45
Q

Why was Weimar Republic weak?

A

too many small parties

Gov was led by moderate democratic socialists so it was criticized by Communists and Conservatives

Germans blamed Jews and the gov for the Versailles treaty

ppl longed for a strong leader like Bismarck

46
Q

Ruhr Valley timeline

A

France occupied the Ruhr Valley when Germany fell behind in payments

The workers refused to work and German gov continued to pay them to support them
Gov had to print a lot of paper money to do so and inflation led to German currency becoming worthless

Dawes Plan

47
Q

Dawes Plan + who proposed

A

US proposed Dawes Plan to help with reparations
France withdrew from Ruhr Valley
American loans helped German economy recover

48
Q

Weimar Culture

A

Stimulated new cultural movements like dada art and Bauhaus architecture
The Three-Penny Opera by Bertolt Brecht criticized middle-class values
Artist George Grosz blasted the failings of the Weimar Republic

49
Q

Hitler’s plan for revival

A

Germany must expand to gain Lebensraum [living space] for ppl
Inferior races must bow to “Aryan” needs
Germany needed a Führer [strong leader]

50
Q

Hitler’s rise to power

A

Nazis and Communists won more seats in the Reichstag [lower house of legislature]
So, conservative leaders helped Hitler, bc they believed they could control him

Hitler became chancellor of Germany, but within a year, he was dictator
Germany became a one-party state
Stalin purged Nazis that were disloyal

51
Q

Nuremberg Laws

A

deprived Jews of German citizenship; segregated them; placed other restrictions

52
Q

Kristallnacht

A

Nov 7 → Jew whose parents had mistreated in Germany shot German diplomat in Paris
Nov. 9 - 10 → Hitler used this as an excuse for Kristallnacht

53
Q

General trend in govs in E. Europe?

A

Right-wing dictators emerged in every E. European country except Finland and Czechoslovakia
They all promised order and turned to anti-Semitism

World History (15 decks)

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