Chapter 4 Flashcards
what is bourgeois liberalism?
liberals mostly spoke for the bourgeoisie, so their ideas were called bourgeois liberalism
Serbia seeks independence
wins independence
Karageorge led an unsuccessful guerilla war against the Ottomans, which fostered a sense of Serbian identity
Milos Obrenovic led a successful rebellion against the Ottomans
- Support from Russia
Greece seeks independence
wins independence
At first, Greeks were divided when trying to fight Ottoman rule, but nationalism happened
Supported by romantic writers like Byron
Supported by Britain, France, and Russia
The European powers gave the Greeks a German king
July Revolution?
Charles 10 believed in absolutism
Liberals and radicals revolted and wrested control of Paris and Charles 10 abdicated and fled
what did Louis 18 do?
Issued the Charter of French Liberties which:
Created a two-house legislature
Limited freedom of press
King still held most power
what did Charles 10 do?
Suspended the legislature
Limited the right to vote
Restricted the press
believed in absolutism
who was Louis Philippe and what did he do?
moderate liberals wanted a constitutional monarchy and chose him
“citizen king”
favored middle class at expense of workers
french timeline
Louis 18
Charles 10
July Revolution
Louis Philippe (citizen king)
feb days
june days
constitution for second republic
louis napoleon (new napoleon)
Belgium seeks independence
wins independence
Congress of Vienna united present-day Belgium and Holland under Dutch king, which lead to rifts due to nationalism
Different languages
Belgians: Catholic; Dutch: Protestant
Belgians: manufacturing; Dutch: trade
Students in Brussels revolted and Belgium became an independent country from Holland
Britain and France gave support
Poland seeks independence
Russia, Prussia, and Austria divvied up Poland, with Russia getting biggest piece
Polish ppl tried to revolt but had no support and were crushed
what happened in the “feb days”
A recession and conflicted political ideologies led to turmoil
Gov tried to silence critics leading to chaos during the “Feb Days”
Men and women sang “La Marseillaise”
Louis Philippe abdicated
A group of socialists, liberals, and radicals declared the Second Republic, but they were all divided
what is “la marseillaise”
revolutionary song sung in the feb days
what happened in the “june days”
Upper- and middle-class interests prevailed in government and they shut down national workshops
French workers protested, leading to the bloody “June Days”
what did the new constitution for the second republic declare?
Created a strong president
One-house legislature
Suffrage to all adult men
Louis Napoleon?
“new napoleon”
won the election
made himself the emperor w the approval of ppl
at first, it was prosperous
later he went on foreign adventures that would bring down his empire
changes in austria?
Vienna
Metternich censored press, but university students smuggled in books
Workers and students banded together and revolted in
Metternich resigned and fled in disguise
Budapest
Louis Kossuth demanded independent gov, end to serfdom, and written constitution
Prague
Demanded independent gov, end to serfdom, and written constitution
Austrian troops regained control
revolts in italy
Italian nationalists wanted to end Hapsburg dominance and set up constitutional government
They set up independent republics
Expelled the pope
France restored the pope and local rulers canceled the reforms
revolts in german states
University students and workers demanded national unity and reforms
In Prussia, the king was forced to sign a constitution by an elected assembly, but later he dissolved the assembly
Delegates met at Frankfurt Assembly
Divisions over republic vs. monarchy and whether Austria should be included
Rebellion failed bc
Rulers used military force
Revolutionaries didn’t have mass support
Their constitutions were withdrawn or replaced
social structures in latin america
Peninsulares [born in Spain/Portugal]
Creoles [European-descended]
Mulattoes [African and European descent]
Mestizos [Native American and European descent]
Slaves
Native Americans
Haiti seeks independence
Toussaint L’Ouverture leads an army of former slaves and ends slavery there
napoleon tried to reconquer haiti
france agrees to truce but captures l’ouverture and he dies in prison
Mexico seeks independence
Father Hidalgo
“el Grito de Dolores” –> call to fight
wanted to improve Native American lives
captured and executed
Jose Morelos
led rebels until he was captured
Agustin de Iturbide
liberals forced the spanish king to issue a constitution
iturbide worried reforms would be enforced on colonies, so he helped fight
they won
iturbide declared himself emperor but then republic of mexico bc he was toppled
Brazil seeks independence
Portuguese royal family fled to Brazil when Napoleon overthrew them
When they returned to Portugal, Dom Pedro was ordered to stay behind and rule Brazil
Dom Pedro refused and became emperor of independent Brazil by accepting a constitution
Much later, Brazil became a republic
United Provinces of Centrals Central America
Guatemala
Nicaragua
Honduras
El Salvador
Costa Rica
split up
Gran Colombia
Bolivar tried to unite the lands he liberated
Colombia
Panama
Venezuela
Ecuador
split up
Lands that San Martin liberated
Argentina
San Martin + Bolivar liberated
Peru
Chile
