chapter 54- comunity ecology

Question 1

What is a community

Answer 1

a group of populations of diff. species living in close proximity and interact

Question 2

What are interspecific reactions

Answer 2

community interactions that are classified by whether they harm, help or have no effect on the particiaptants

Question 3

6 interspecific reactions

Answer 3

1. competition
2. predation
3. herbivory
4. parasitism
5. mutualism
6. commensalism

Question 4

describe 1. competition

Answer 4

(-/-)
an interaction that occurs when ind. of different species each use a resource that limits survival and reproduction of both ind.

Question 5

example of 1. competition

Answer 5

weeds growing in garden compete w/ garden plants for soil and water

Question 6

what is competitive exclusion

Answer 6

• when ind of two similar species compete for a resource and one pop. will use the resource leading to elimination of the other pop.

Question 7

describe 2. predation

Answer 7

(+/-)- when predator of one species kills and eats an ind. of another species ( prey).

Question 8

adaptations for both prey and predator

Answer 8

prey- ability to camouflage
predator- mimicry

Question 9

what are two types of mimicry

Answer 9

bastian mimicry- harmless species pretends/mimics harmful species
- moth puffs head to mimic a venomous snake
mullerian mimicry- two harmful species resemble each other
hoverfly resembles wasp
( convergent evolution)

Question 10

describe 3. herbivory

Answer 10

(+/-) when an ind. herbivore consumes part of plant that harms the plant but not enough to kill it

Question 11

adaptations for plants and herbivore

Answer 11

plant- develops spine and thorns
- chemicals so that plant tastes bad
herbivore- special digestive enzyme to consume chemicals

Question 12

describe 4. parasitism

Answer 12

(+/-) when a parasite derives it’s nourishment from another organism (a host)

Question 13

two types of parasite

Answer 13

endoparasite- parasite lives inside host
ectoparasite- feed on the external surface of host ( ticks and lice)

Question 14

describe 5. Mutualism

Answer 14

(+/+) interaction that benefits ind of both interacting species
- example squirrel eating fruits of a tree and spreading seeds, this helps trees grow.

Question 15

commensalism (+/-)

Answer 15

one ind. benefits from an interaction and the other is not harmed or helped

Question 16

what is symbiosis

Answer 16

when ind of 2 species live in direct close association

Question 17

2 types of species diversity

Answer 17

1. species richness
2. relative abundance

Question 18

what is species richness

Answer 18

number of species in a community

Question 19

what is relative abundance

Answer 19

a species is abundant in one part of a habitat but absent in another part marked by an ecological disturbance, it is likely that a wildfire, flood, damaging wind event, or other disturbance limited the species’ abundance in the latter part.

Question 20

Primary vs Secondary succession

Answer 20

soil not present after disturbance, and soil is present

Question 21

what is a A foundation species

Answer 21

usually the most abundant

Question 22

what is a keystone species

Answer 22

exerts the most influence on maintaining biodiversity.

Question 23

two types of mutualism

Answer 23

obligate and facultative

Question 24

what is facultative mutualism

Answer 24

is when they do not depend each other for surival

Question 25

obligate mutualism

Answer 25

they do depend on eachother for survival

Question 26

what is Intraspecific competition

Answer 26

competition occurs between members of the same species.

Question 27

Interspecific competition \

Answer 27

occurs between members of different species.