ch 43

Question 1

what is osmoregulation

Answer 1

defined as homeostasis of water and solute concentrations

Question 2

what is osmosis

Answer 2

direct water movement into or out of cells

Question 3

what does osmosis help regulate

Answer 3

water and salt concentrations in tissues

Question 4

hyperosmotic

Answer 4

water flows in

Question 5

hypoosmotic

Answer 5

water flows out

Question 6

isoosmotic

Answer 6

no net movement of water

Question 7

osmoconformer

Answer 7

marine organisms that maintain an internal environment which is isotonic to their external environment.

Question 8

osmoregulator

Answer 8

Osmoregulators tightly regulate their body osmolarity, which always stays constant, and are more common in the animal kingdom

Question 9

in a hyperosmotic enviornment osmoregulators _ water

Answer 9

lose

Question 10

in a hypoosmotic enviornment osmoregulators _ water

Answer 10

gain

Question 11

what is Euryhaline

Answer 11

• able to withstand LARGE OSMOTIC CHANGES (sockeye salmon)

Question 12

Most animals are considered , meaning they can only withstand a certain amount of

Answer 12

Stenohaline, osmotic change

Question 13

what is Anhydrobiosis

Answer 13

a dormant period where species can survive and adapt to water loss,

Question 14

how do species adapt to water loss

Answer 14

n replace water with sugars in cells while losing almost ALL body water

Question 15

to regulating body functions animals must excrete

Answer 15

Nitrogenous waste

Question 16

3 forms of Nitrogenous waste

Answer 16

Ammonia, Urea, Uric Acid

Question 17

characteristics of ammonia

Answer 17

: very toxic, requires large amounts of water, can only be tolerated in low concentrations,

Question 17

characteristics of urea

Answer 17

MORE energy but LESS water, Terrestrial animals,

Question 18

characteristics of uric acid

Answer 18

MOST ENERGY NO WATER
Birds, reptiles, insec

Question 19

what is the difference between salt water fish and fresh water when it comes to osmoregulation

Answer 19

salt water fish want to get rid of excess salt, to do this they have cl- ions to get salt out of body
with fresh water fish, they want toget rid of excess water, to do this they have cl- ions to attract salt in body

Question 20

All species have different forms of excretion
insects have, flatworms have, and mammals have

Answer 20

Malpighian tubules (similar to a kidney), Osmoregulation , and Kidneys

Question 21

excretory system function

Answer 21

1) filtrate water and solutes through semi permeable membrane
2) reabsorption of ions and water
3) secrete excess ions and toxic substances
4) excretions, urine

Question 22

function of Nephron

Answer 22

regulate the composition
of blood using 3 processes

Question 23

what 3 processes regulate blood composition

Answer 23

Filtration, Secretion, and Reabsorption

Question 24

what should not pass through urine

Answer 24

large antibodies and proteins

Question 25

function of Proximal tubule

Answer 25

Reabsorption of AAs and sugars, Nacl and secretion of H+ ions

Question 26

Filtrate moves down the

Answer 26

Loop of Henle

Question 27

descending loop of henle characteristics

Answer 27

H2O secreted via passive
transport

Question 28

ascending loop of henle characteristics

Answer 28

NaCl secreted via passive AND and active transport

Question 29

animals that live in deserts have _ loops of henle, and why

Answer 29

large, bcs loop of henle is associated to enviornment. since there is less water they need larger loops to get more water, mammals near water have shorter loops

Question 30

Collecting Duct charactersitics

Answer 30

hormonal control, forming urine

Question 31

Distal tubule

Answer 31

: K+ and H+ absorbed, NaCl, H2O, and HCO3- removed

Question 32

Most aquatic animals excrete

Answer 32

ammonia

Question 33

Mammals and amphibians convert ammonia to the less toxic

Answer 33

urea

Question 34

Insects and many reptiles, including birds, convert ammonia to

Answer 34

uric acid

Question 35

ADH causes collecting duct to

Answer 35

not collect a lot of water