chapter 53- pop ecology

Question 1

What is ecology

Answer 1

the scientific study of interactions between organisms and the environment
- many levels of ecology

Question 2

What is population ecology

Answer 2

the study of how species populations change over time and how those pop. interact w the environment

Question 3

what is community ecology

Answer 3

how specific interactions affect overall community and what influences diversity

Question 4

what is a population

Answer 4

ind. of same species living in same overall area

Question 5

what are 3 areas of study

Answer 5

density, dispersion and demographic

Question 6

what is density

Answer 6

number of individuals per area

Question 7

what is dispersion

Answer 7

pattern of spacing among individuals

Question 8

what is a demographic

Answer 8

birth and death rates, composition of population.

Question 9

What is the best way to calculate density

Answer 9

through mark-recapture studies

Question 10

what is the mark recapture study

Answer 10

technique used estimate the size of a pop where it is impractical to count every individual
# of butterflies marked X # captured/ # captured a second time

Question 11

Clumped dispersion is

Answer 11

the most common type bcs species congregate in preferred habitats

Question 12

Uniform dispersion

Answer 12

often involves direct interactions between ind.

Question 13

What is random dispersion

Answer 13

position of one ind. is independent of others, there are no strong attractions or repulsions

Question 14

what do demographics show

Answer 14

vital stastitics of pop. ( birth and death rates) in form of a LIFE TABLE

Question 15

What is a survivorship curve

Answer 15

a graph showing the number of ind in a population and their drop offs w time
- basically # of cohort alive at each age

Question 16

what is a reproductive rate

Answer 16

reproductive tables determine reproductive rate, measures which generations are replaced.

Question 17

Birth and Immagration _ to a pop.

Answer 17

add ind.

Question 18

death and emmigration _ to a pop.

Answer 18

remove ind from a pop.

Question 19

What is semelparity and iteroparity

Answer 19

both are reproductive statergies available to living organisms

Question 20

What is semelparity strategy

Answer 20

sinfle reproductive episode before death, and utilied in an unstable enviornemnt where survival of parent is not clear

Question 21

What is iteroparity strategy

Answer 21

multiple reproductove cycles over course of lifetime
beneficial in more stable enviornments

Question 22

What are K selected species

Answer 22

Only produce few offspring, but offspring is large and has long lifespan, exhbits logisitc growth

Question 23

What are R selected species

Answer 23

where they produce as many as possible, but have shorter lifespans and echbity exponential growth

Question 24

what is ecological foot print

Answer 24

summarizes the aggregate land and water needed to sustain the ppl of a nation, can be calulctaed using energy growth

Question 25

Density-dependent populations

Answer 25

birth rates fall and death increase with rising population density

Question 26

Density-independent populations

Answer 26

birth rate and death rate do not change with population density but they do w other factors like fires, droughts, etc

Question 27

Life history traits

Answer 27

1. when reproduction begins, 2. how often the organism reproduces, and 3. how many offspring are produced per reproductive cycle