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BIO 1202 > ch 42 > Flashcards

ch 42 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a circulatory system has

A

circulatory fluid
set of interconnecting vessels
a muscular pump, the heart

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2
Q

organisms w no circulatory system contain a

A

gastrovascular cavity

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3
Q

what is an open circulatory system

A

has circulatory fluid ( hemolymph) that surrounds organs
contraction of heart pumps the hemolymph through circulatory vessels

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4
Q

advantages of an open circulatory system

A

use less energy, not prone to issues

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5
Q

examples of those with an open circulatory system

A

anthropods, grasshoppers, clams

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6
Q

closed circulatory system

A

circulatory fluid ( blood) is enclosed within vessels

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7
Q

advantages of closed system

A

allows to get bigger, many diff types of cells

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8
Q

in mammals the circulatory system carries_ to all parts of the body

A

oxygen rich blood

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9
Q

arteries carry

A

blood from heart to capillaries

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10
Q

veins carry

A

blood from capillaries to heart

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11
Q

what is single circulation

A

in sharks, bony fishes, etc blood travels through the body and returns to its starting point in a single circuit

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12
Q

what is double circulation

A

amphibians, reptiles and mammals have two circuits of blood flow called double circulation

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13
Q

what are the two circuits in double circulation

A

pulmonary and systemic

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14
Q

pulmonary circuit is the

A

flow of blood between heart and lungs

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15
Q

the right ventricle in pulmonary circuit carries

A

carries oxygen poor blood

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16
Q

systemic circuit is the

A

flow of oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle of heart to the rest of the body through the aorta

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17
Q

diastole =

A

relaxtion

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18
Q

systole =

A

contraction

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19
Q

what do the heart sounds lub dub mean

A

lub= av valves closed
dub = semilunar valves closed

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20
Q

what is a heart murmur

A

blood squirting backwards through a defective valve producing an abnormal sound

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21
Q

how is heart rhythm maintained

A

cluster of cells called the sinoatrial node act as a pacemaker, setting the rate and timing at which all cardiac muscles cells contract

22
Q

what happens if SA node fails

A

there are backup nodes and artificial pacemakers

23
Q

what is the sympathetic system

A

it increases heart rate due to norepinephrine and epirphire

24
Q

what is the parasympathetic system

A

decreases heart rate due to acctylchdine

25
Q

where is blood velocity slowest in

A

the capillaries

26
Q

why is blood velocity slow in the capillaries

A

bcsthere is a lot of area for
exchange

27
Q

Blood pressure is highest in the _ and
lowest in the _

A

arteries, veins

28
Q

all blood vessels have an inner epithelial lining called the

A

endothelium

29
Q

why are capillary walls very thin?

A

to enhance rate of exchange

30
Q

what 2 mechanisms help regulate blood flow in capillaries

A

arteriole and sphincters

31
Q

what makes it hard for dinasours to lift their necks

A

they would need abt 760 mm hg to fully raise it, which is not possible due to their limites heart size

32
Q
A
33
Q

what is the Lymph Vascular System and function

A

Collects excess interstitial
fluid and returns it to the
blood, passes through lymph nodes

34
Q

If too much liquid leaves capillaries what happenes

A

edema

35
Q

what is edema

A

swelling due to excess
fluid accumulation in tissues

36
Q

Cerebral edema

A

brain

37
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

lungs

38
Q

Peripheral edema

A

legs

39
Q

what is Elephantiasis

A

parasitic worms block lymph nodes, prevent drainage
- results in thickening of skin and underlying tissues

40
Q

basophils cause

A

inflammation

41
Q
A
42
Q

lymphoctyes help

A

immune defense

43
Q

function of Platelets

A

Appropriate clotting response to injury

44
Q

what is Atherosclerosis

A

Formation of
plaques in the
walls of arteries

45
Q

How does atherosclerosis contribute to heart
attacks and strokes?

A

Plaque can limit blood flow to vital organs

46
Q

what is (thrombosis)

A

Large clots may block blood flow

47
Q

what is (embolism)

A

Smaller clots may break free to lodge downstream

48
Q

what is a Stroke

A

death of nervous system

49
Q

what is Countercurrent Exchange

A

Water and blood travel in
opposite directions through gills

50
Q

what is Respiration

A

Gas exchange across moist skin is limited by surface:volume
– increases surface area created by making folds (e.g., gills)

51
Q

resting heart rate is

A

60-100

52
Q

a gas always undergoes net diffusion from a region of _ to _

A

HIGHER pp, to LOWER pp

BIO 1202 (19 decks)

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