ch 36

Question 1

3 mechanisms of plant transport

Answer 1

1) uptake and loss of water and solutes by ind. cells
2) short distance transport cell to cell
3) long distance transport of sap within xylem and phloem at the level of the whole plant

Question 2

Water will always move across a membrane into the solution w the _

Answer 2

lower water potential
usually the more negative

Question 3

Direction of flow is according to_

Answer 3

water potential

Question 4

What is water potential

Answer 4

solute and pressure potential combined

Question 5

What is solute potential

Answer 5

water moves in direction of solutes because they bind water so it cannot flow back

Question 6

what is pressure potential

Answer 6

physical pressure of water

Question 7

What is osmosis

Answer 7

diffusion of H20

Question 8

the word potential in water potential refers to

Answer 8

waters potential energy- capacity to perform work

Question 9

osmosis only works at

Answer 9

short distances

Question 10

Long distance H2O movement via

Answer 10

bulk flow
transpiration

Question 11

Ascent of Xylem Sap charactersitics

Answer 11

roots actively pump minerals in and water follows, moving upward
Transpiration (evaporative water loss) from leaves

Question 12

What cohesion-adhesion

Answer 12

water molecules attract each other upwards ( cohesion) and waters hydrogen bond interaction w xylems cell walls ( adhesion)

Question 13

What is the main force for water movement

Answer 13

Pulling

Question 14

Stomata is the site for

Answer 14

evaporation

Question 15

stomata allow for _ in photosynthesis and _ by product

Answer 15

Co2, 02

Question 16

h20 exists what

Answer 16

h20 exists xylem in leaf vascular bundles and through the stomata

Question 17

How does the stomata regulate gas/water exchange

Answer 17

by actively opening and closing

Question 18

How do the stomata open and close

Answer 18

By guard cells

Question 19

Characteristics of guard cells

Answer 19

open and close by changing shape

Question 20

what are guard cells controlled by

Answer 20

the active pumping of potassium ions

Question 21

guard cells turgid

Answer 21

stomata open

Question 22

guard cells flaccid

Answer 22

stomata closed

Question 23

Opening is triggered by

Answer 23

1) increased light
2) depletion of c02
3) circadian rhythms of opening and closing

Question 24

closing is triggered by

Answer 24

1) water deficiency
2) high temperature

Question 25

Sugar movement through phloem is carried out by

Answer 25

living cells of phloem and amino acids at "source " sites and unloading at "sinks"

Question 26

what is the largest ecologically diverse group of land plants

Answer 26

angiosperms

Question 27

what is the defining feature of angio sperms

Answer 27

flower and resultant fruit around the seed

Question 28

4 whorls of angiosperms

Answer 28

sepals petals stamen carples

Question 29

what predicts pollinators

Answer 29

slower shape colour timing and scent, and reward

Question 30

how does asexual reproduction occur in plants

Answer 30

fragmentation ( part into whole) root system clones apomixis - seeds w pollen diploid cell in ovule -> embryo

Question 31

mechanisms to prevent isolation

Answer 31

temporal seperation, mechanical isolation, self incompatability,Dioecious species

Question 32

what is temporal separation

Answer 32

male/female structures mature at diff times

Question 33

what is mechanical isolation

Answer 33

structural differences

Question 34

what is self incompatability

Answer 34

genetic rejection

Question 35

Dioecious species

Answer 35

flowers have only stamen or carpels