chapter 5: microbial metabolism

Question 1

catabolism

Answer 1

breaks down complex molecules; provides energy (exergonic)

Question 2

anabolism

Answer 2

uses energy and building blocks to build complex molecules; endergonic

Question 3

collision theory

Answer 3

chemical reactions occur when atoms, ions, and molecules collide

Question 4

enzyme

Answer 4

biological catalyst

Question 5

substrate

Answer 5

specific place where enzymes act to lower activation energy

Question 6

enzyme specificity

Answer 6

ability for enzyme to choose an exact substrate; molecular recognition mechanism activated through specific structural match between enzyme and substrate

Question 7

apoenzyme

Answer 7

an inactive enzyme; protein portion of the enzyme

Question 8

cofactor

Answer 8

non protein portion of enzyme

Question 9

coenzyme

Answer 9

organic cofactor

Question 10

holoenzyme

Answer 10

apoenzyme + cofactor = whole, active enzyme

Question 11

denaturation

Answer 11

process in which proteins lose their quaternary, tertiary, and secondary structure due to high temperature and extreme pH

Question 12

what happens when an enzyme is saturated?

Answer 12

the enzyme catalyzes at its maximum rate

Question 13

competitive inhibitors

Answer 13

fills the active site of the enzyme and competes with the substrate

Question 14

noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 14

interact with allosteric site (another part of the enzyme) to indirectly change the shape of the active site

Question 15

feedback inhibition

Answer 15

end-product of reaction allosterically inhibits enzymes from earlier in the pathway; product temporarily inhibits enzyme