chapter 16: innate immunity- nonspecific defenses of the host Flashcards

1
Q

what are the formed elements of the blood?

A

erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), thrombocytes (platelets)

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2
Q

function of erythrocytes (in blood)

A

transports gases (O2, CO2) and nutrients throughout the body

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3
Q

function of leukocytes (in blood)

A

major component of body’s defense against disease; “immunity cells”

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4
Q

function of thrombocytes (in blood)

A

form blood clots

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5
Q

order of white blood cells from most to least abundant

A
neutrophils - never
lymphocytes - let
monocytes - monkeys
eosinophils - eat
basophils - bananas
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6
Q

neutrophils

A

most common leukocyte; front line phagocytic cell; numerous, short-lived, disposable

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7
Q

eosinophils

A

fights multicellular parasites (helminths); specially attack worms & things too big to phagocytose; have some phagocytic activity

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8
Q

basophils

A

help create inflammatory response; often involved in allergies; also fights off ectoparasites (ticks)

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9
Q

monocytes

A

similar to macrophages; phagocytic antigen presenting cell (APC)

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10
Q

dendritic cells

A

have long branching extensions (tree-like); similar to macrophages; phagocytic antigen-presenting cell (APC)

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11
Q

lymphocytes (makes which two cells?)

A

B cells ➡ plasma cells➡ antibodies

T cells = cellular immunity & regulation; mature in thymus

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12
Q

helper T cells

A

release signals that B cells need to become antibody producing plasma cells; have glycoprotein (CD4) on their surface = CD4+

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13
Q

cytotoxic T cells

A

have glycoprotein CD8 on surface= CD8+

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14
Q

regulatory / suppressor T cells

A

CD4+; downregulate immune response; w/o these, fatal autoimmune reactions can cause death in approx. two years

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15
Q

natural killer cells

A

kill off any cells not displaying MHC class I; helps defend body against viruses & tumors; NK cells have similar job to cytotoxic T cells except NK cells don’t need to be activated to function….hence “natural killers”

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16
Q

innate defense

A

nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into play with an antigen’s appearance in the body
- ex) skin, complement, neutrophils

17
Q

adaptive defense

A

specific defense mechanisms tailored to respond to a particular foreign invader; consists of antibodies & lymphocytes (humoral & cell mediated response)
- ex) B & T lymphocytes

18
Q

importance of adaptive immune system

A

creates a memory (RAM= recognize, attack memory); activates classical pathway (antibody binds to antigen)

19
Q

major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

A

proteins that self cells represent; determines self v. non-self
- ex) type I & type II

20
Q

epitopes

A

displayed on MHC proteins; way to show what is going on in the cell/ what the cell has phagocytosed & what the cell is producing

21
Q

what expresses type I MHC proteins?

A

nucleated cells & platelets

22
Q

what expresses type II MHC proteins?

A

antigen-presenting cells (APCs)