chapter 10: classification of microorganisms Flashcards
three domains of life
domain eukarya (animals, plants, fungi), domain archaea (methanogens, extreme halophiles, hyperthermophiles), domain bacteria
characteristics of protista
catchall kingdom for variety of organisms; autotrophic and heterotrophic; grouped into clades based on rRNA
characteristics of fungi
chemoheterotrophic; unicellular or multicellular; cell walls of chitin; develop from spores or hyphal fragments
characteristics of plantae
multicellular; cellulose cell walls; undergo photosynthesis
characteristics of animalia
multicellular; no cell walls; chemoheterotrophic
as the taxonomic level becomes higher it becomes more
broad
and lower is more specific
the order of taxonomic groups (from most broad to most specific)
domain - did kingdom - king phylum - phillip class - come order - over family - for genus - great species - soup
viral species
population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niche
bergey’s manual
reference book that tells how to identify bacteria and archaea by using morphological characteristics, differential staining, and biochemical tests
rapid identification methods
kits that perform multiple biochemical tests rapidly; slides an inoculated rod through a series of different media filled chambers and incubating
serological testing
checks whether a given set of antibodies will adhere to and agglutinate a solution of a given bacterium; differentiate between species and strains within a species
ex) ELISA= variety of chemical tests that uses various modified antibodies tested against unknown antigen samples
antigen
anything that an antibody will stick to; can also be markers of the presence of a specific microbe
western blotting
transfers protein onto nitrocellulose paper and reads it with antibodies
phage typing
test for determining which phages a bacterium is susceptible to
flow cytometry (FCM)
uses differences in electrical conductivity between species or florescence
DNA sequencing
uses two organisms that are closely related and have similar amounts of various bases to study certain microbes
DNA chips (microarrays)
tiny devices with large numbers of DNA sequences stuck to them; contains DNA probes and detects pathogens by hybridization between the probe and DNA in the sample; detected by fluorescence (dye that shines under UV light) when hybridization occurs
anneal
come together and become double-stranded
hybridization
two different single-stranded DNA molecules that are complementary come together and anneal
dichotomous key
used to identify microbes; a flowchart of tests that lead to another until it suggests an answer
ex) microbe flowchart beginning with gram stain