chapter 17: adaptive immunity- specific defenses of the host Flashcards
signs & symptoms of inflammation
pain, redness, swelling, heat
vasodilation
dilation of blood vessels; allows more blood into area; brings more leukocytes
reactions of leukocytes in inflamed vessels (2)
margination & diapedesis
margination (of leukocytes)
neutrophils cling to walls of capillaries in injured area
diapedesis (of leukocytes)
neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls and begin phagocytosis
importance of inflammation
necessary to fight off infection; if it persists too long it causes very serious health problems
plasma
produces antibodies and memory plasma cells; used for blood clotting
serum
circulating carrier of liquids in the blood; used for blood typing; separates out when blood coagulates
complement
inactive until activated; manufactured by liver; system of plasma proteins that can be activated directly by pathogens or indirectly by pathogen-bound antibody; triggers reactions that occurs on surface of pathogens
opsonization
(caused by complement cascade); makes antigenic substances (pathogenic molecules/ microbes) more susceptible to phagocytosis by connecting them to antibodies, complements, or other proteins
cytolysis
(osmotic lysis); cell bursts and releases contents into extracellular environment due to influx of water into cell; consequence of complement cascade
antibody
blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen
interferon
made of protein; stimulate the body’s innate antiviral activity; stimulate innate anti-tumor activity
natural active (immunity)
a person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of primary immune response
- ex) getting sick and producing antibodies
natural passive (immunity)
- ex) baby getting breast milk from mother; antibodies are passed from maternal blood to fetal bloodstream
