Chapter 5: Lipids Flashcards
Adipocytes
Fat cells
Adipose Tissue
Body fat tissue
Alpha-Linolenic Acid
a vital omega-3 fatty acid (PUFA) that contains eighteen carbon atoms and three carbon-carbon double bonds (18:3)
Chain Length
the number of carbons that a fatty acid tail contains. Foods contain fatty acids with chain lengths of four to twenty four carbons, and most have an evennumber of carbons
Cholesterol
A waxy lipid (sterol) whose chemical structure contains multiple hydrocarbon rings
Choline
A nitrogen-containing compound that’s a part of phosphatidylcholine, a type of phospholipid. choline is additionally a part of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The body synthesizes choline from the essential amino acid methionine
Chylomicron
a large lipoprotein particle synthesized in intestinal cells following the absorption of dietary fats. A chylomicron has a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol enclosed by phospholipids and proteins
Cis fatty acid
Unsaturated fatty acid in which the hydrogens encompassing a double a are both on the identical side of the carbon chain, causing a bend within the chain. Most naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids are cis fatty acids
Conjugated linolic acid
A polyunsaturated fatty acid in which the position of the double bonds has moved, so one bond alternates with 2 double bonds
Desaturation
Insertion of double bonds into fatty acids to convert them into new fatty acids
Diglycerides
Molecules composed of glycerol combined with 2 fatty acids
Eicosanoids
a class of hormone-like substances synthesized in the body from long-chain fatty acids
Elongation
Addition of carbon atoms to fatty acids to elongate them into new fatty acids
Essential Fatty Acids
The fatty acids that the body requires but cannot synthesize, and that should be obtained from diet
Ester
A chemical combination of an organic acid (e.g., fatty acids) and an alcohol. once hydrogen from the alcohol combines with the acid’s hydrogen and oxygen, water is discharged and an ester linkage is created. A triglyceride is an ester of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol backbone
Esterification
A condensation reaction within which an organic acid (e.g., fatty acids) combines with an alcohol with the loss of water, making an ester bond
Fat Replacers
Compounds that imitate the functional and sensory properties of fats, however contain less bioavailable energy than fats
Fatty Acids
Compounds containing a protracted hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group (COOH) at one end and a methyl group (CH3) at the opposing end