Chapter 2: Nutrition Guidelines and Assessment

Question 1

Adequate Intake (AI)

Answer 1

The nutrient intake that seems to sustain an outlined nutritionary state or another indicator of health (e.g., rate of growth or traditional circulating metabolic nutrient values) in a very specific population or subgroup. AI is employed once there’s inadequate scientific proof to determine an EAR

Question 2

Anthropometric Measurements

Answer 2

Measurements of the physical characteristics of the body, for instance height, weight, head circumference, girth, and skinfold measurements. anthropometric measurements are notably helpful in evaluating normal growth of infants, children, and adolescents and in determining body composition

Question 3

Biochemical Assessment

Answer 3

Assessment by measurement of a nutrient or its metabolites in one or additional body fluids, like blood and urine, or in body waste. additionallyknown as a laboratory assessment

Question 4

Daily Values (DVs)

Answer 4

one set of nutrient intake standards developed by the Food and Drug Administration to represent the wants of the “typical” consumer; used as standards for expressing nutrient content on food labels

Question 5

Diet History

Answer 5

Record of food intake and ingestion behaviors that features recent and long-term habits of food consumption. Done by a skilled interviewer, the diet history is the most comprehensive sort of dietary intake information collection

Question 6

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Answer 6

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are the muse of federal nutrition policy and are developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) as well as Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). These science-based guidelines are meant to cut back the amount of american citizens who develop chronic diseases like high blood pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and alcoholism

Question 7

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Answer 7

A framework of dietary standards that features estimated Average requirement (EAR), recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable upper Intake Level (UL)

Question 8

Dietary Standards

Answer 8

Set of values for suggested intake of nutrients

Question 9

Set of values for suggested intake of nutrients

Answer 9

to supplement vitamins and minerals lost or diminished throughout food processing, notably the addition of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, and iron to grain product

Question 10

Exchange Lists

Answer 10

Lists of foods that in nominative portions provide equivalent amounts of carbohydrate, fat, protein, and energy. Any food in an Exchange List issubstituted for any other without markedly affecting macronutrient intake

Question 11

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer 11

The federal agency liable for ensuring that foods sold within the united states (except for eggs. poultry, and meat, which are monitored by the USDA) are safe, wholesome, and labelled properly. The Food and Drug Administration sets standards for composition of some foods, inspects food plants, and monitors imported foreign foods. The Food and Drug Administration is an agency of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

Question 12

Food groups

Answer 12

classes of similar foods, like fruits or vegetables

Question 13

Food Records

Answer 13

elaborate info concerning day-to-day feeding habits; usually includes all foods and beverages consumed for an outlined period, typically three to seven consecutive days

Question 14

Food Label

Answer 14

elaborate info concerning day-to-day feeding habits; usually includes all foods and beverages consumed for an outlined period, typically three to seven consecutive days

Question 15

Fortify

Answer 15

Refers to the addition of vitamins or minerals that weren’t originally present in a food

Question 16

Health Claim

Answer 16

Any statement that associates a food or a substance in a food with a disease or health-related condition. The Food and Drug Administration authorizes health claims

Question 17

Nutrient Density

Answer 17

an outline of the wholesomeness of foods. Foods high in nutrient density are people who offer substantial amounts of vitamins and minerals and comparatively few calories; foods low in nutrient density are people who supply calories however relatively little mounts of vitamins and minerals (or none at all)

Question 18

Nutrition Assessment

Answer 18

a measurement of the nutritionary health of the body. It will include anthropometrical measurements, biochemical tests, clinical observations, and dietary intake as well as medical histories and socioeconomic factors

Question 19

Nutrition Facts

Answer 19

a part of the food label that states the content of certain nutrients inside a food in a standard manner prescribed by the Food and Drug Administration. By law, Nutrition Facts are required to appear on nearly all processed food product within the United States of America

Question 20

Overnutrition

Answer 20

The long-term consumption of an excess amount of nutrients. the foremost common kind of overnutrition in the U.S. is due in part to the regular consumption of excess calories, fats, saturated fats, and sterols

Question 21

Overnutrition

Answer 21

a technique to estimate body fat by a measure with calipers the thickness of a fold of skin and subdermal adipose / fat

Question 22

Bioavailability

Answer 22

A measure of the extent to that a nutrient becomes accessible to the body once it has been ingested and therefore is ready and available to the tissues

Question 23

Bioflavonoids

Answer 23

Naturally occurring organic plant chemicals, particularly from citrus fruits, that cut back the permeability and fragility of capillaries

Question 24

Dietary Supplements

Answer 24

products taken orally in pill, capsule, powder, gelcap, or other nonfood type that contain one or additional of the following: vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs, enzymes, metabolites, or concentrates

Question 25

Free Radicals

Answer 25

temporary, extremely reactive chemicals typically derived from oxygen-containing compounds, which might have detrimental effects on cells, particularlydeoxyribonucleic acid and cell membranes

Question 26

Functional Food

Answer 26

A food which will provide a health benefit beyond that of basic nutrition

Question 27

Herbal Therapy (Phytotherapy)

Answer 27

The therapeutic use of herbs and alternative plants to promote health and treat disease

Question 28

Isoflavones

Answer 28

Plant chemicals that include genistein and daidzein and should have positive effects against cancer and heart disease. additionally known as phytoestrogens

Question 29

Lycopene

Answer 29

one among a family of plant chemicals, the carotenoids. Others included in this huge family are alpha-carotene and ß carotene

Question 30

Malabsorption Syndromes

Answer 30

Conditions that lead to imperfect, inadequate, or otherwise disordered GI absorption

Question 31

Megadoses

Answer 31

Doses of a nutrient that are ten or more times the suggested quantity

Question 32

Nucleic Acids

Answer 32

A family of over 25,000 molecules found in chromosomes, nucleoli, mitochondria, as well as cytosol of cells

Question 33

Orthomolecular medicine

Answer 33

The preventative or therapeutic uses of high-dose vitamins to treat illness

Question 34

Phytochemicals

Answer 34

Substances in plants which will possess health-protective effects, even though they’re not essential in all cases

Question 35

Phytoestrogens

Answer 35

compounds that have weak estrogen activity within the body

Question 36

U.S. pharmacopeia (USP)

Answer 36

Established in 1820, the USP is a voluntary, noncommercial health care organization that sets quality standards for a variety of health care products and services

Question 37

Statement of Identity

Answer 37

A mandate that industrial food products conspicuously show the common or usual name of the product or identify the food with an “appropriately descriptive term”

Question 38

Tolerable upper Intake Levels (ULs)

Answer 38

the utmost levels of daily nutrient intakes that are unlikely to cause health risks to the majority of the people within the group for whom they’re designed

Question 39

Undernutrition

Answer 39

Poor health ensuing from depletion of nutrients due in part to inadequate nutrient intake over time. it’s currently most frequently related toimpoverishment , alcoholism, and a few kinds of eating disorders