Chapter 1: Food Choices: Nutrients and Nourishment

Question 1

Amino Acids

Answer 1

Organic compounds that comprise the monomeric building blocks of polypeptide (protein)

Question 2

Calorie

Answer 2

A general term for energy in food, used synonymously with the term energy. typically used rather than kilocalorie on food labels, in diet books, and in alternativesources of nutrition info

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

Compounds, together with sugars, starches, and dietary fibers, that typically have the general chemical formula (CH2O)n, where n represents the amountof CH2O units within the molecule. Carbohydrates are a significant dietary source of energy for body functions

Question 4

Control group

Answer 4

a collection of individuals used as a standard of comparison to the experimental group. The individuals within the control group have characteristics almost like those within the experimental group and are hand-picked randomly

Question 5

Circulation

Answer 5

Movement of substances or blood through the vessels of the cardio vascular or lymphatic system

Question 6

Correlations

Answer 6

Connections, co-occurring more frequently than can be explained by chance or coincidence, however while not a proven cause

Question 7

Double-Blind Study

Answer 7

a research study founded so that neither the subjects nor the investigators recognize which study group is receiving the placebo and which is receiving the active substances

Question 8

Energy

Answer 8

The capability to do work. The energy in food is a form of chemical energy, that the body converts to mechanical, electrical, or heat energy

Question 9

Essential Nutrients

Answer 9

Substances that have got to be obtained in the diet because the body either cannot synthesize them or cannot make adequate amounts of them

Question 10

Experimental group

Answer 10

a collection of individuals being studied to guage the effect of an incident, substance, or technique

Question 11

Flavor

Answer 11

The collective experience that describes both taste and smell

Question 12

Inorganic

Answer 12

Any substance that doesn’t contain carbon, excepting certain simple carbon compounds like CO2 and monoxide. Common examples include table salt (sodium chloride) and bicarbonate (sodium bicarbonate)

Question 13

Hormones

Answer 13

Chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by one tissue and act on cells in another a part of the body

Question 14

Kilocalories (Kcal)

Answer 14

Units used to measure energy. Food energy is measured in kilocalories (1,000 calories = one kilocalorie)

Question 15

Legumes

Answer 15

A family of plants with seed pods, such as peas, beans, lentils and soybeans; additionally known as pulses

Question 16

Lipids

Answer 16

a set of fat-soluble compounds that features triglycerides, sterols, and phospholipids

Question 17

Macrominerals

Answer 17

Major minerals needed in the diet and present within the body in massive amounts compared with trace minerals

Question 18

Macronutrients

Answer 18

Nutrients, like sugar, fat, or protein, that are required in comparatively massive amounts in the diet

Question 19

Minerals

Answer 19

Inorganic compounds required for growth and for regulation of body processes

Question 20

Neophobia

Answer 20

A dislike for any thing new or strange

Question 21

Nutrients

Answer 21

Any substances in food that the body will use to generate energy, synthesize tissues, or regulate functions

Question 22

Nutrigenomics

Answer 22

The study of how nutrition interacts with specific genes to influence an individual’s health

Question 23

Nutrition

Answer 23

The science of foods and their various nutrient parts (nutrients and other substances), as well as the relationships to health and illness (actions, interactions, and balances); processes inside the body (ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, functions, and disposal of waste products); as well as the social, economic, cultural, and psychological implications of eating foods

Question 24

Organic

Answer 24

In chemistry, any compound that contains carbon, except carbon oxides (e.g., carbon dioxide) and sulfides and metal carbonates (e.g., potassium carbonate). The term organic is also used to denote crops that are fully grown without artificial fertilizers or chemicals

Question 25

Phytochemicals

Answer 25

Substances in plants which will possess health-protective effects, even though they’re not essential in all cases

Question 26

Placebo

Answer 26

an inactive substance that is externally indistinguishable from the active substance whose effects are being studied

Question 27

Placebo Effect

Answer 27

A physical or emotional modification that’s not due to properties of an administered substance. The modification reflects participants’ expectations

Question 28

Proteins

Answer 28

massive, complex compounds consisting of many amino acids connected in variable sequences and forming distinctive shapes

Question 29

Trace Minerals

Answer 29

massive, complex compounds consisting of many amino acids connected in variable sequences and forming distinctive shapes

Question 30

Trace Minerals

Answer 30

Trace mineral are present within the body and needed in the diet in comparatively little amounts compared with major minerals. additionally referred to asmicrominerals

Question 31

Triglycerides

Answer 31

Fats composed of 3 fatty acyl chains joined to a glycerol molecule

Question 32

Vitamins

Answer 32

Organic compounds necessary for reproduction, growth, and maintenance of the body. Vitamins are needed in minuscule amounts