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JC Geography > Chapter 5 - Glaciation > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Glaciation Flashcards

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1
Q

Ice age

A

A period when large parts of several continents were covered by ice sheets

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2
Q

What could cause an ice age?

A

○A change in the earth’s orbit around the sun

○ A change in the angle of the earth’s axis

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3
Q

What are the processes of glacial erosion?

A

Plucking

Abrasion

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4
Q

Define plucking

A

Glacial erosion where rock fragments are pulled out of the valley floor by moving ice

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5
Q

Define abrasion glacial

A

Rock fragments carried by a glacier scraped the rock surface as the glacier advanced

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6
Q

The scratches created by glacial abrasion are called…

A

Striae

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7
Q

Glacier

A

Large river of ice. Move downhill and change the shape of the landscape by erosion and deposition

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8
Q

What is a cirque/corrie? Give an example

A

Large, deep hollow with a steep back wall found high up on a mountainside in an area affected by ice. e.g. Coomshingaun

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9
Q

What is a pyramidal peak? Give an example

A

A peak formed when three or more cirques formed back to back. e.g. Matterhorn, Switzerland

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10
Q

What is an arête? Give an example

A

A knife-edged ridge formed when two cirques formed back-to-back or side-by-side

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11
Q

What is a U-shaped valley? Give an example

A

A steep-sided and flat floored valley (U-shaped) formed by the action of a glacier. e.g Glendalough

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12
Q

What is a hanging valley? Give an example

A

Small tributary glaciated valley that hangs above the main valley. e.g Polanass Waterfall, Glendalough

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13
Q

What is a ribbon lake? Give an example

A

Long, narrow lake found on the floor of a glaciated U-shaped valley. e.g. Glendalough

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14
Q

Sometimes a group of ribbon lakes are joined together by a river or stream. These are called…

A

Paternoster lakes

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15
Q

What is a fjord? Give an example

A

Drowned glaciated U-shaped valley. e.g. Killary Harbour, Co. Mayo

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16
Q

Moraine

A

Deposited material found in lowlands of glaciated valleys

17
Q

What is an erratic? Give an example

A

Huge boulders that have been transported and deposited by a glacier some distance from their source region. e.g. Granite found in the limestone region of the Burren & Scottish granite found in the Wicklow Mts

18
Q

What is boulder clay?

A

Deposits of sand,gravel and stone from a melting glacier

19
Q

What is a drumlin? Give an example

A

An oval shaped hill consisting of boulder clay. e.g. Clew Bay Co.Mayo to Strangford Lough, Co.Down

20
Q

Lateral moraine

A

Material deposited either side of a glacier. Consists of unsorted material that fell from upland slopes and gathered at the side of the glacier

21
Q

Medial moraine

A

Some lateral moraines join to form medial moraine as two glaciers meet. Consists of a low ridge of material that runs along the centre of a glaciated valley

22
Q

Ground moraine

A

Irregular covering of boulder clay in a lowland area

23
Q

Terminal moraine

A

Ridge of material marking the end point of a glaciers journey. Consists of a high bank of soil and stone

24
Q

What are the four types of moraine

A

○Lateral
○Medial
○Ground
○Terminal

25
Q

Name the features of glacial erosion

A 
Cirques/corries
Pyramidal peaks
Arêtes
U-shaped valleys
Hanging valleys
Ribbon lakes
Fjords
26
Q

Name the features of glacial deposition

A 
Erratics
Boulder clay plains
Drumlins
Moraine
Eskers
Outwash plains
27
Q

What is an esker? Give an example

A

Long, narrow ridge of sand and gravel that winds its way across lowland areas. e.g. Eiscir Riada, Dublin to Galway

28
Q

What is an outwash plain? Give an example

A

Low-lying areas of sand and gravel found in front of a terminal moraine. e.g. Curragh, Co.Kildare

29
Q

How does glaciation have a positive affect on human activity?

A 
☺Tourism
☺HEP
☺Fertile agricultural land
☺Routeways
☺Resources for construction
☺Recreation
30
Q

How does glaciation have a negative affect on human activity?

A

◘Infertile lands
◘Poor drainage
◘Flooding

JC Geography (20 decks)

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