Chapter 1 - Planet Earth

Question 1

How far away is the earth from the sun?

Answer 1

150,000,000km

Question 2

The crust

Answer 2

• Thinnest layer
• 10km deep under the oceans
• 60km deep under land

Question 3

The mantle

Answer 3

• Hot semi molten rock

* 4000°C

Question 4

The core

Answer 4

• 5000-7000°C

* Solid iron and nickel

Question 5

At what degree is the earth tilted?

Answer 5

23.5°

Question 6

Place boundary

Answer 6

Where plates meet

Question 7

Subduction

Answer 7

When plates slide under each other

Question 8

Uplift

Answer 8

When plates collide

Question 9

Fault line

Answer 9

Where two plates rub off eachother

Question 10

Divergent

Answer 10

Plates in separation

Question 11

Convergent

Answer 11

Plates in collision

Question 12

Transform

Answer 12

Plates sliding past each other

Question 13

Convection currents

Answer 13

Movement of magma in the earths mantle

Question 14

Continental drift

Answer 14

Convection currents in the mantle below cause the plates to move slowly bringing their continents with them. This is known as continental drift

Question 15

Name the seven tectonic plates

Answer 15

1) Eurasian plate
2) Indian plate
3) African plate
4) American plate
5) Nazca plate
6) Pacific plate
7) Australian plate

Question 16

How are fold mountains formed?

Answer 16

When the earth plates move towards each other and eventually collide, the rock layers are compressed and buckle. This results in the formation of fold mountains

Question 17

How do earthquakes occur?

Answer 17

They occur where plates collide or slide past each other. If one plate slips suddenly, a huge amount of pressure is released, resulting in an earthquake

Question 18

What are the effects of an earthquake?

Answer 18

• •Structural damage
• •Falling objects
• •Fire
• •Tsunamis
• •Disease
• •Economy

Question 19

How are earthquakes measured?

Answer 19

Seismometer/seismograph identify tremors in the crust. The force is measured using a Richter scale

Question 20

What is the mid-Atlantic Ridge

Answer 20

In the middle of the Atlantic Ocean there are a series of mountains which formed because the American plate is moving away from the eurasian and African plates.

Question 21

Mid ocean ridges

Answer 21

When two plates pull away from each other it releases magma which cools and forms a series of mountains on the ocean floor. In some cases these mountains can rise above sea level to create volcanic islands eg Iceland

Question 22

The Pacific ring of Fire

Answer 22

The worlds most active volcanic and earthquake zone is found along the edges of the Pacific Ocean. This is because many of the world’s major plates meet here

Question 23

Active volcano

Answer 23

Erupts regularly

Question 24

Dormant volcano

Answer 24

Hasn’t erupted for a long time but may erupt again

Question 25

Extinct volcano

Answer 25

Hasn’t erupted in recorded history

Question 26

What are the eight planets of the solar system?

Answer 26

Mercury 
Venus 
Earth 
Mars 
Jupiter 
Saturn 
Uranus 
Neptune

Question 27

Advantages of volcanoes

Answer 27

\+Tourism
\+Geysers (electricity)
\+Fertile lava soils
\+The creation of new land
\+Building materials

Question 28

Disadvantages of volcanoes

Answer 28

• Damage
• Loss of life
• Fire
• Effect on the environment