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Chapter 14 - Settlement Flashcards

1
Q

Describe educational settlement

A

A place of learning (cultural, university, museum)

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2
Q

Describe industrial settlement

A

Where raw materials are processed (e.g steel) or processed goods are assembled (e.g cars)

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3
Q

Describe resource-based settlement

A

Extracting or using a natural resource (e.g coal, iron ore) e.g Navan, Co.Meath

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4
Q

Describe residential settlement

A

Where many people live but few work there (e.g dormitory village) e.g. Malahide, Co. Dublin

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5
Q

Describe ecclesiastical settlement

A

Centre with religious buildings or a place of worship (e.g cathedral, mosque) e.g. Knock, Co.Mayo

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6
Q

Describe a market town as a settlement

A

Grew up around trade. Includes jewellers, dentists, banks, accountants, cinema, clothes shop etc. e.g Tullamore, Co. Offaly

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7
Q

Describe commercial settlement

A

Where banks and financial institutions are provided for industry, business and domestic use

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8
Q

Describe defensive settlement

A

Protecting itself or the surrounding area e.g. Athlone town, Co. westmeath

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9
Q

Describe administrative settlement

A

Centre from which the surrounding area can be controlled (e.g capital city, county town)

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10
Q

Name the different types of settlement

A 
Educational
Industrial 
Mining 
Residential 
Ecclesiastical
Market town 
Commercial 
Defensive 
Administrative 
Village
Port settlement
Recreational
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11
Q

Summarise Ireland’s settlement timeline

A
  1. The Hunter-Gatherers of Mount Sandle
  2. The New Stone Age settlers
  3. Early Christian Monastic settlement
  4. The Vikings
  5. The Normans
  6. Later monastic settlements
  7. Plantation towns
  8. Landlord towns
  9. Large scale immigration to Ireland
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12
Q

Outline the basic needs of settlers

A
  • Water
  • Food
  • Defence
  • Communications
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13
Q

What are hill forts?

A

Settlements built on a hill for better protection

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14
Q

What do you call defensive settlements built on the edge of a headland?

A

Promontory forts

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15
Q

What is a crannóg?

A

A defensive settlement on a man-made island in the middle of a lake. Timber walls defend them.

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16
Q

What are toghers?

A

Oak planks laid down by celts across marshy areas

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17
Q

Define tuath

A

An old Irish word meaning tribe and the area that the tribe controlled

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18
Q

Name another word for nucleated settlement

A

Clustered settlement

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19
Q

Name another name for linear settlement

A

Ribboned settlement

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20
Q

Name another name for dispersed settlement

A

Scattered settlement

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21
Q

Describe nucleated settlement

A

Settlements grouped together. May occur where roads meet

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22
Q

Describe linear settlement

A

Settlements in a line. May occur where houses are built along a road

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23
Q

Describe dispersed settlement

A

Settlement scattered over an area. For example, where farmhouses are scattered throughout the countryside i.e. no definite pattern

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24
Q

How did the first settlers travel to Ireland?

A

Across land bridges

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25
State four factors that influence where towns and villages develop
1. Altitude 2. Rivers 3. Land quality 4. Drainage
26
Explain how altitude has an influence on where towns and villages develop
Little settlement occurs in upland areas. The soil isn't as fertile here and it is difficult to build in the mountains
27
Explain how rivers have an influence on where towns and villages develop
Rivers attract settlement. In the past they were important for water, transport and food. Fertile soil (alluvium) is also found alongside many rivers which is good for farming. Many towns also developed at bridge points along the river
28
Explain how land quality has an influence on where towns and villages develop
Fertile land attracts settlement. This is why most people settled in the south east of Ireland as the land is less fertile in the west
29
Explain how drainage has an influence on where towns and villages develop
Settlements are located in well-drained areas. It is not a good idea to settle beside a poorly drained area that is prone to flooding
30
Who were the first Irish settlers?
The hunter gatherers of Mount Sandle
31
When did the first settlers arrive in Ireland?
c.9000 years ago
32
When did the New Stone Age settlers arrive in Ireland?
c.4000BC
33
Why did the first settlers settle at Mount Sandle?
Mount Sandle was a good place for them to live because it provided them with all of the things they needed in their lives
34
How did the New Stone Age settlers differ from the hunter gatherers?
The new Stone Age settlers had begun to keep animals and plant crops (farming)
35
When did the Vikings come to Ireland?
c.800AD
36
Give examples of Viking towns
Wexford, Waterford, Dublin, Arklow
37
When did the Normans invade Ireland?
12th century
38
Give examples of Norman towns
Kilkenny, Athlone, Trim
39
When did the British plant Ireland?
In the 16th and 17th centuries
40
Give examples of plantation towns
Portarlington, Portlaois, Youghal
41
Give examples of Landlord towns
Abbeyleix, Birr, Kilrush, Strokestown
42
Primate city
A city that is it least twice the size of the next largest city in the country. For example Dublin
43
Land bridges
Narrow strips of land connecting Ireland to Britain
44
Topography
A detailed study of whether the land is flat, mountainous or sloping
45
Lowest bridging point
The point on a river closest to the sea where a bridge could be built. A town usually developed around this bridge
46
Dry point sites
A site located up out of the river's floodplain beyond the bluff line. This area is not prone to flooding
47
Poulder
An area of land reclaimed from the sea
48
Conurbation
A collection of cities growing into each other to form one massive city
49
Overspill towns
Planned towns specifically built to house migrants from increasingly overcrowded cities
50
Hinterland
The rural area outside a town which is accessible to the town itself and the town provides all the services for people living there
51
Route focus/focus of routeways
Where a series of routeways such as roads converge in one area
52
Multi-functional settlements
Settlements which have more than one major function. e.g. a city
53
Communication links
The movement of people, goods and information develops links between places. e.g. road, rail and phone
54
What does GDA stand for and what does it mean?
Greater Dublin Area -> includes Dublin County and its commuter belt which stretches into the counties of Louth, Meath, Kildare and Wicklow
55
Celtic Tiger
The period of rapid economic growth in the Irish economy from the early 1990s to 2008
56
Spin-off industries
Jobs created indirectly as a result of a dominant industry locating in an area, i.e. shops benefit from other industries locating in their area
57
National Spatial Strategy
A government programme set up to counteract the growth of Dublin by developing other growth centres
58
Strategic radial corridors
Dublin commuter belts through which development is planned especially along major radial roads, e.g. the M7 motorway connecting the towns of Naad, Newbridge and Kildare
59
Why has Dublin developed into our primate city?
``` ○Seat of government ○Centre of trade ○Ireland's main ports ○Route focus ○Many MNC's set up in Dublin ○Contains HQ of Ireland's financial institutions ```
60
Decentralisation
Transferring power from the central government to areas throughout the country
61
Give an example of decentralising in Ireland
Moving the Department of Finance to Tullamore, Co. Offaly
62
What is the population density of the Netherlands?
503 per square kilometer
63
What was the Netherlands response to their population density?
Build polders
64
What were the two reclamations of land undertaken in the process of building the Netherlands Polders?
- Zuider Zee project | - Delta Project
65
For what years did the Zuider Zee project take place?
1927-1968
66
What polders were formed as part of the Zuider Zee project?
○Wieringermeer ○North-east polder ○Eastern Flevoland ○Southern Flevoland
67
How were the polders made?
1. A dyke was built around the are to be reclaimed 2. A series of drainage channels were built inland (within the dykes) to help drain the polder 3. Water was pumped from within the area into canals located on/beyond the dyke wall 4. When the polder dried out, work began on the new land, whether for farming or settlement
68
Approximately, how big is the North-east Polder?
48,000 hectares
69
In what kind of settlement pattern are the farmhouses set out on the North-east polder?
Linear
70
What is the main town of the North-east Polder?
Emmeloord
71
In what kind of way are the villages built around Emmeloord?
Radial pattern
72
A _____ road connects the villages and ______ roads connect many of the villages to Emmeloord
A RING road connects the villages and RADIAL roads connect many of the villages to Emmeloord
73
Randstad conurbation
Refers to a collection of Dutch cities growing into each other to form a large urban area
74
What are the cities included in the Randstad conurbation?
Amsterdam Rotterdam The Hague Utrecht
75
The Randstad is ________-shaped and in the centre is an area of farmland known as the __________
The Randstad is HORSESHOE-shaped and in the centre is an area of farmland known as the GREEN HEART
76
What is the difference between the Dutch polders and Ireland?
Dutch Polders - Farmhouses set in linear pattern along the road - Villages surround the town in a circle - Roads connect hinterland villages in a circular pattern Ireland - Farmhouses in dispersed settlement throughout the countryside - Villages form at bridging points along a river - Roads follow river valleys and join at bridging points
77
Describe village settlement
Provide a small number of services to cater for the needs of the dwellers. Services include a small shop, church, pub, small primary school etc E.g. Mucklagh, Tullamore, Co. Offaly
78
Describe port settlement
Have facilities for ships to dock and moor. E.g. Drogheda, Co. Louth
79
Describe recreational settlement
Settlement that offers some sort of leisure activity or attraction e.g. beautiful scenery or accommodation. Includes hotels, watersports and golf courses e.g. Lahinch, Co. Clare

JC Geography (20 decks)

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