Chapter 14 - Settlement Flashcards
Describe educational settlement
A place of learning (cultural, university, museum)
Describe industrial settlement
Where raw materials are processed (e.g steel) or processed goods are assembled (e.g cars)
Describe resource-based settlement
Extracting or using a natural resource (e.g coal, iron ore) e.g Navan, Co.Meath
Describe residential settlement
Where many people live but few work there (e.g dormitory village) e.g. Malahide, Co. Dublin
Describe ecclesiastical settlement
Centre with religious buildings or a place of worship (e.g cathedral, mosque) e.g. Knock, Co.Mayo
Describe a market town as a settlement
Grew up around trade. Includes jewellers, dentists, banks, accountants, cinema, clothes shop etc. e.g Tullamore, Co. Offaly
Describe commercial settlement
Where banks and financial institutions are provided for industry, business and domestic use
Describe defensive settlement
Protecting itself or the surrounding area e.g. Athlone town, Co. westmeath
Describe administrative settlement
Centre from which the surrounding area can be controlled (e.g capital city, county town)
Name the different types of settlement
Educational Industrial Mining Residential Ecclesiastical Market town Commercial Defensive Administrative Village Port settlement Recreational
Summarise Ireland’s settlement timeline
- The Hunter-Gatherers of Mount Sandle
- The New Stone Age settlers
- Early Christian Monastic settlement
- The Vikings
- The Normans
- Later monastic settlements
- Plantation towns
- Landlord towns
- Large scale immigration to Ireland
Outline the basic needs of settlers
- Water
- Food
- Defence
- Communications
What are hill forts?
Settlements built on a hill for better protection
What do you call defensive settlements built on the edge of a headland?
Promontory forts
What is a crannóg?
A defensive settlement on a man-made island in the middle of a lake. Timber walls defend them.
What are toghers?
Oak planks laid down by celts across marshy areas
Define tuath
An old Irish word meaning tribe and the area that the tribe controlled
Name another word for nucleated settlement
Clustered settlement
Name another name for linear settlement
Ribboned settlement
Name another name for dispersed settlement
Scattered settlement
Describe nucleated settlement
Settlements grouped together. May occur where roads meet
Describe linear settlement
Settlements in a line. May occur where houses are built along a road
Describe dispersed settlement
Settlement scattered over an area. For example, where farmhouses are scattered throughout the countryside i.e. no definite pattern
How did the first settlers travel to Ireland?
Across land bridges
State four factors that influence where towns and villages develop
- Altitude
- Rivers
- Land quality
- Drainage
Explain how altitude has an influence on where towns and villages develop
Little settlement occurs in upland areas. The soil isn’t as fertile here and it is difficult to build in the mountains
Explain how rivers have an influence on where towns and villages develop
Rivers attract settlement. In the past they were important for water, transport and food. Fertile soil (alluvium) is also found alongside many rivers which is good for farming. Many towns also developed at bridge points along the river
Explain how land quality has an influence on where towns and villages develop
Fertile land attracts settlement. This is why most people settled in the south east of Ireland as the land is less fertile in the west
Explain how drainage has an influence on where towns and villages develop
Settlements are located in well-drained areas. It is not a good idea to settle beside a poorly drained area that is prone to flooding
Who were the first Irish settlers?
The hunter gatherers of Mount Sandle
When did the first settlers arrive in Ireland?
c.9000 years ago
When did the New Stone Age settlers arrive in Ireland?
c.4000BC
Why did the first settlers settle at Mount Sandle?
Mount Sandle was a good place for them to live because it provided them with all of the things they needed in their lives
How did the New Stone Age settlers differ from the hunter gatherers?
The new Stone Age settlers had begun to keep animals and plant crops (farming)
When did the Vikings come to Ireland?
c.800AD
Give examples of Viking towns
Wexford, Waterford, Dublin, Arklow
When did the Normans invade Ireland?
12th century
Give examples of Norman towns
Kilkenny, Athlone, Trim
When did the British plant Ireland?
In the 16th and 17th centuries
Give examples of plantation towns
Portarlington, Portlaois, Youghal
Give examples of Landlord towns
Abbeyleix, Birr, Kilrush, Strokestown
Primate city
A city that is it least twice the size of the next largest city in the country. For example Dublin
Land bridges
Narrow strips of land connecting Ireland to Britain
Topography
A detailed study of whether the land is flat, mountainous or sloping
Lowest bridging point
The point on a river closest to the sea where a bridge could be built. A town usually developed around this bridge
Dry point sites
A site located up out of the river’s floodplain beyond the bluff line. This area is not prone to flooding
Poulder
An area of land reclaimed from the sea
Conurbation
A collection of cities growing into each other to form one massive city
Overspill towns
Planned towns specifically built to house migrants from increasingly overcrowded cities
Hinterland
The rural area outside a town which is accessible to the town itself and the town provides all the services for people living there
Route focus/focus of routeways
Where a series of routeways such as roads converge in one area
Multi-functional settlements
Settlements which have more than one major function. e.g. a city
Communication links
The movement of people, goods and information develops links between places. e.g. road, rail and phone
What does GDA stand for and what does it mean?
Greater Dublin Area -> includes Dublin County and its commuter belt which stretches into the counties of Louth, Meath, Kildare and Wicklow
Celtic Tiger
The period of rapid economic growth in the Irish economy from the early 1990s to 2008
Spin-off industries
Jobs created indirectly as a result of a dominant industry locating in an area, i.e. shops benefit from other industries locating in their area
National Spatial Strategy
A government programme set up to counteract the growth of Dublin by developing other growth centres
Strategic radial corridors
Dublin commuter belts through which development is planned especially along major radial roads, e.g. the M7 motorway connecting the towns of Naad, Newbridge and Kildare
Why has Dublin developed into our primate city?
○Seat of government ○Centre of trade ○Ireland's main ports ○Route focus ○Many MNC's set up in Dublin ○Contains HQ of Ireland's financial institutions
Decentralisation
Transferring power from the central government to areas throughout the country
Give an example of decentralising in Ireland
Moving the Department of Finance to Tullamore, Co. Offaly
What is the population density of the Netherlands?
503 per square kilometer
What was the Netherlands response to their population density?
Build polders
What were the two reclamations of land undertaken in the process of building the Netherlands Polders?
- Zuider Zee project
- Delta Project
For what years did the Zuider Zee project take place?
1927-1968
What polders were formed as part of the Zuider Zee project?
○Wieringermeer
○North-east polder
○Eastern Flevoland
○Southern Flevoland
How were the polders made?
- A dyke was built around the are to be reclaimed
- A series of drainage channels were built inland (within the dykes) to help drain the polder
- Water was pumped from within the area into canals located on/beyond the dyke wall
- When the polder dried out, work began on the new land, whether for farming or settlement
Approximately, how big is the North-east Polder?
48,000 hectares
In what kind of settlement pattern are the farmhouses set out on the North-east polder?
Linear
What is the main town of the North-east Polder?
Emmeloord
In what kind of way are the villages built around Emmeloord?
Radial pattern
A _____ road connects the villages and ______ roads connect many of the villages to Emmeloord
A RING road connects the villages and RADIAL roads connect many of the villages to Emmeloord
Randstad conurbation
Refers to a collection of Dutch cities growing into each other to form a large urban area
What are the cities included in the Randstad conurbation?
Amsterdam
Rotterdam
The Hague
Utrecht
The Randstad is ________-shaped and in the centre is an area of farmland known as the __________
The Randstad is HORSESHOE-shaped and in the centre is an area of farmland known as the GREEN HEART
What is the difference between the Dutch polders and Ireland?
Dutch Polders
- Farmhouses set in linear pattern along the road
- Villages surround the town in a circle
- Roads connect hinterland villages in a circular pattern
Ireland
- Farmhouses in dispersed settlement throughout the countryside
- Villages form at bridging points along a river
- Roads follow river valleys and join at bridging points
Describe village settlement
Provide a small number of services to cater for the needs of the dwellers. Services include a small shop, church, pub, small primary school etc E.g. Mucklagh, Tullamore, Co. Offaly
Describe port settlement
Have facilities for ships to dock and moor. E.g. Drogheda, Co. Louth
Describe recreational settlement
Settlement that offers some sort of leisure activity or attraction e.g. beautiful scenery or accommodation. Includes hotels, watersports and golf courses e.g. Lahinch, Co. Clare
