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JC Geography > Chapter 2 - Rocks > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Rocks Flashcards

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1
Q

How is igneous rock formed?

A

When magma cools and solidifies

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2
Q

How is sedimentary rock formed?

A

The compressed remains of sea creatures, animals, plants and fragments of rock

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3
Q

How is metamorphic rock formed?

A

When sedimentary or igneous rocks are altered by high temperatures or pressure or both

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4
Q

What are the three types of rocks

A

+Igneous
+Sedimentary
+Metamorphic

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5
Q

Give two examples of igneous rocks

A
  • Basalt

* Granite

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6
Q

Give examples of sedimentary rocks

A
  • Limestone
  • Sandstone
  • Coal
  • Shale
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7
Q

Give examples of metamorphic rocks

A
  • Marble

* Quartzite

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8
Q

Where would you find a granite in Ireland?

A

Mourne Mts, Co. Down

Wicklow Mts

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9
Q

Where would you find basalt in Ireland?

A

Giants Causeway

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10
Q

What rock would you find in the Burren?

A

Limestone

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11
Q

Where would you find sandstone in Ireland?

A

Galtee Mts, Co. Cork and Tipperary

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12
Q

Where would you find coal in Ireland?

A

Arigna, Co. Roscommon

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13
Q

Where would you find shale in Ireland?

A

Arra Mts, Co. Tipperary

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14
Q

Where would you find marble in Ireland?

A

Connemara Kilkenny

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15
Q

Where would you find quartzite in Ireland?

A

Croagh Patrick, Co. Mayo Sugar loaf, Wicklow

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16
Q

What grain is basalt?

A

Fine to medium grained

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17
Q

What colour is basalt?

A

Black to dark grey

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18
Q

How is basalt formed?

A

When lava cools on the earths surface

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19
Q

Why does basalt have tiny crystals?

A

It cooled quickly

20
Q

What grain is granite?

A

Coarse grained

21
Q

What colour is granite?

A

White, grey, pink or black

22
Q

What minerals does granite contain?

A

Feldspar, quartz and mica

23
Q

How is granite formed?

A

When magma cools deep in the earth’s crust

24
Q

Are granites crystals big?

A

Yes because it cooled slowly

25
Q

What is the most common rock type in Ireland?

A

Limestone

26
Q

What colour is limestone?

A

Greyish white to black and dark grey

27
Q

What are the horizontal layers in limestone called?

A

Strata

28
Q

What are bedding planes?

A

Divisions between layers in limestone

29
Q

What are the vertical cracks in limestone called?

A

Joints

30
Q

Permeable

A

Water can pass through

31
Q

What are the six characteristics of limestone?

A 
Strata 
Bedding planes 
Joints 
Permeable 
Easily weathered 
Fossils
32
Q

What Is sandstone made from?

A

Compressed sand

33
Q

True or false: sandstone is a coarse rock

A

True

34
Q

What colour is sandstone?

A

Brown or red

35
Q

What rock is slate made from?

A

Shale

36
Q

What rock is marble made from?

A

Limestone

37
Q

What rock is quartzite made from?

A

Sandstone

38
Q

Where can you find green marble?

A

Connemara

39
Q

Where can you find black marble?

A

Kilkenny

40
Q

Where can you find red marble?

A

Cork

41
Q

Where can you find white marble?

A

Rathlin Island

42
Q

What colour is Quartzsite?

A

Slightly yellow or grey

43
Q

When is open-cast mining used?

A

When the resource lies close to the surface

44
Q

When is quarrying used?

A

When the resorce lies close to the surface

45
Q

When is shaft mining used?

A

When the resorce lies beneath the surface

46
Q

Name three methods of mining

A

Shaft mining
Open-cast mining
Strip mining

47
Q

How are oil and gas brought ashore?

A

Brought ashore by offshore drilling and then pumped ashore by pipeline

JC Geography (20 decks)

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