Chapter 2 - Rocks Flashcards
How is igneous rock formed?
When magma cools and solidifies
How is sedimentary rock formed?
The compressed remains of sea creatures, animals, plants and fragments of rock
How is metamorphic rock formed?
When sedimentary or igneous rocks are altered by high temperatures or pressure or both
What are the three types of rocks
+Igneous
+Sedimentary
+Metamorphic
Give two examples of igneous rocks
- Basalt
* Granite
Give examples of sedimentary rocks
- Limestone
- Sandstone
- Coal
- Shale
Give examples of metamorphic rocks
- Marble
* Quartzite
Where would you find a granite in Ireland?
Mourne Mts, Co. Down
Wicklow Mts
Where would you find basalt in Ireland?
Giants Causeway
What rock would you find in the Burren?
Limestone
Where would you find sandstone in Ireland?
Galtee Mts, Co. Cork and Tipperary
Where would you find coal in Ireland?
Arigna, Co. Roscommon
Where would you find shale in Ireland?
Arra Mts, Co. Tipperary
Where would you find marble in Ireland?
Connemara Kilkenny
Where would you find quartzite in Ireland?
Croagh Patrick, Co. Mayo Sugar loaf, Wicklow
What grain is basalt?
Fine to medium grained
What colour is basalt?
Black to dark grey
How is basalt formed?
When lava cools on the earths surface
Why does basalt have tiny crystals?
It cooled quickly
What grain is granite?
Coarse grained
What colour is granite?
White, grey, pink or black
What minerals does granite contain?
Feldspar, quartz and mica
How is granite formed?
When magma cools deep in the earth’s crust
Are granites crystals big?
Yes because it cooled slowly
What is the most common rock type in Ireland?
Limestone
What colour is limestone?
Greyish white to black and dark grey
What are the horizontal layers in limestone called?
Strata
What are bedding planes?
Divisions between layers in limestone
What are the vertical cracks in limestone called?
Joints
Permeable
Water can pass through
What are the six characteristics of limestone?
Strata Bedding planes Joints Permeable Easily weathered Fossils
What Is sandstone made from?
Compressed sand
True or false: sandstone is a coarse rock
True
What colour is sandstone?
Brown or red
What rock is slate made from?
Shale
What rock is marble made from?
Limestone
What rock is quartzite made from?
Sandstone
Where can you find green marble?
Connemara
Where can you find black marble?
Kilkenny
Where can you find red marble?
Cork
Where can you find white marble?
Rathlin Island
What colour is Quartzsite?
Slightly yellow or grey
When is open-cast mining used?
When the resource lies close to the surface
When is quarrying used?
When the resorce lies close to the surface
When is shaft mining used?
When the resorce lies beneath the surface
Name three methods of mining
Shaft mining
Open-cast mining
Strip mining
How are oil and gas brought ashore?
Brought ashore by offshore drilling and then pumped ashore by pipeline
