Chapter 2 - Rocks

Question 1

How is igneous rock formed?

Answer 1

When magma cools and solidifies

Question 2

How is sedimentary rock formed?

Answer 2

The compressed remains of sea creatures, animals, plants and fragments of rock

Question 3

How is metamorphic rock formed?

Answer 3

When sedimentary or igneous rocks are altered by high temperatures or pressure or both

Question 4

What are the three types of rocks

Answer 4

+Igneous
+Sedimentary
+Metamorphic

Question 5

Give two examples of igneous rocks

Answer 5

• Basalt

* Granite

Question 6

Give examples of sedimentary rocks

Answer 6

• Limestone
• Sandstone
• Coal
• Shale

Question 7

Give examples of metamorphic rocks

Answer 7

• Marble

* Quartzite

Question 8

Where would you find a granite in Ireland?

Answer 8

Mourne Mts, Co. Down

Wicklow Mts

Question 9

Where would you find basalt in Ireland?

Answer 9

Giants Causeway

Question 10

What rock would you find in the Burren?

Answer 10

Limestone

Question 11

Where would you find sandstone in Ireland?

Answer 11

Galtee Mts, Co. Cork and Tipperary

Question 12

Where would you find coal in Ireland?

Answer 12

Arigna, Co. Roscommon

Question 13

Where would you find shale in Ireland?

Answer 13

Arra Mts, Co. Tipperary

Question 14

Where would you find marble in Ireland?

Answer 14

Connemara Kilkenny

Question 15

Where would you find quartzite in Ireland?

Answer 15

Croagh Patrick, Co. Mayo Sugar loaf, Wicklow

Question 16

What grain is basalt?

Answer 16

Fine to medium grained

Question 17

What colour is basalt?

Answer 17

Black to dark grey

Question 18

How is basalt formed?

Answer 18

When lava cools on the earths surface

Question 19

Why does basalt have tiny crystals?

Answer 19

It cooled quickly

Question 20

What grain is granite?

Answer 20

Coarse grained

Question 21

What colour is granite?

Answer 21

White, grey, pink or black

Question 22

What minerals does granite contain?

Answer 22

Feldspar, quartz and mica

Question 23

How is granite formed?

Answer 23

When magma cools deep in the earth’s crust

Question 24

Are granites crystals big?

Answer 24

Yes because it cooled slowly

Question 25

What is the most common rock type in Ireland?

Answer 25

Limestone

Question 26

What colour is limestone?

Answer 26

Greyish white to black and dark grey

Question 27

What are the horizontal layers in limestone called?

Answer 27

Strata

Question 28

What are bedding planes?

Answer 28

Divisions between layers in limestone

Question 29

What are the vertical cracks in limestone called?

Answer 29

Joints

Question 30

Permeable

Answer 30

Water can pass through

Question 31

What are the six characteristics of limestone?

Answer 31

``` Strata Bedding planes Joints Permeable Easily weathered Fossils ```

Question 32

What Is sandstone made from?

Answer 32

Compressed sand

Question 33

True or false: sandstone is a coarse rock

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What colour is sandstone?

Answer 34

Brown or red

Question 35

What rock is slate made from?

Answer 35

Shale

Question 36

What rock is marble made from?

Answer 36

Limestone

Question 37

What rock is quartzite made from?

Answer 37

Sandstone

Question 38

Where can you find green marble?

Answer 38

Connemara

Question 39

Where can you find black marble?

Answer 39

Kilkenny

Question 40

Where can you find red marble?

Answer 40

Cork

Question 41

Where can you find white marble?

Answer 41

Rathlin Island

Question 42

What colour is Quartzsite?

Answer 42

Slightly yellow or grey

Question 43

When is open-cast mining used?

Answer 43

When the resource lies close to the surface

Question 44

When is quarrying used?

Answer 44

When the resorce lies close to the surface

Question 45

When is shaft mining used?

Answer 45

When the resorce lies beneath the surface

Question 46

Name three methods of mining

Answer 46

Shaft mining Open-cast mining Strip mining

Question 47

How are oil and gas brought ashore?

Answer 47

Brought ashore by offshore drilling and then pumped ashore by pipeline