Chapter 5 Flashcards
What are the two types of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides
What is the characterized formal of carbohydrates?
(CH2O)sub N
n= 3, 4 , 5 ,6 carbons
What are the variances in monosaccharides?
structurally: carbonyl group variances in location
Number of carbons:
orientation of their hydroxyl groups:
What is the difference between an aldose and a ketose?
Aldose- carbonyl group is in the end of the carbon chain
Ketose- carbonyl group is in the middle of the carbon chain
What is a carbohydrate with 3,5 ,6 carbons referred to as?
trioses, pentoses, hexoses
Glucose vs Galactose?
same chemical formula but differencing locations of their hydroxyl groups
what kinds of carbons/carbohydrates can form linear rings?
pentoses and hexoses can form rings
What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?
a- the hydroxyl group is pointing in the opposite direction as carbon 6. (below the plane of the molecule)
b- the hydroxyl group is pointing in the same direction as carbon 6. ( above the plane molecule)
What is the chance glucose forms alpha/beta glucose?
50 % chance either one forms
polysaccharides are blanks of monosaccharides?
polymers
how do polysaccharides form?
a condensation reaction, in which two alpha-glucoses form a bond via an oxygen molecule connected via two carbons. (glycosidic linkage)
What are the different formations of glycosidic linkages?
Alpha form- maltose: hydrogens in the middle or where the bond occurs are pointed upward
Beta form- lactose: hydrogens in the middle or where the bond occurs are pointed downward
What is the function of carbohydrates?
store chemical energy
structure
cell-cell recognition
building blocks of lots of other biological macromolecules.
What is glycogen?
A type of carbohydrate that is stored and used for energy.
What do storage carbohydrates have in common?
The use alpha glucoses connected by alpha 1, 4 glycosidic bonds.
What are some examples of structural polysaccharides?
Cellulose- in plant cell wall
Chitin- in insect exoskeleton
Peptidoglycan- bacterial cell wall in bacteria
How do structural polysaccharides differ from storage polysaccharides ?
storage- They use alpha glucoses connected by alpha 1, 4 glycosidic bonds
structural- they utilize beta 1,4 glycosidic bonds
How do the beta 1,4 glycodic bonded polysaccharide strands bond together?
hydrogen bonds.
What is cell-cell recognition?
Each carbohydrate cell contains Oligosaccharide that bonds to the membrane of the cell.
There are so many of them that the cell gets a coating, which is referred to as the glycocalyx.
The glycocalyx is the first part of the cell to come in contact with anther.
Therefore, when it senses anther glycocalyx or not it can determine what kind of cell it is.
How do carbohydrates serve as building blocks for lots of other biological macromolecules?
When glucose is broken down its contents can be used to form lots of other macromolecules.
