Chapter 48 Pt 1.

Question 1

What is the immune system?

Answer 1

provides defense against pathogens.

Question 2

What is a pathogen?

Answer 2

A disease causing organism. It can be a ton of things with a wide variety of genetic make ups.

Question 3

What is immune surveillance?`

Answer 3

• Important function of the immune system.

- provides defense against cancer cells by recognizing and eliminating grossly abnormal cells.

Question 4

At what point does cancer begin to spread to other parts of the body?

Answer 4

• When the immune surveillance doesn’t recognize the bad cell and it mutates to be able to hide from the immune system, thus giving it free reign to go multiple.

Question 5

What are Leukocytes?

Answer 5

• white blood cells
• cell of the immune system
• derived from a precursor cell in the bone marrow.
• travels around the blood and lymphatic system.

Question 6

What are the Granulocytes?

Answer 6

• Sub category of leukocytes.
• They get their name because of their granul composition.
• Their granuls contain chemicals that can be released upon activation. Chemicals attack the pathogens or or change the behavior of the host cells tissues.
• EX: eosinophils and neutrophils, which are also phagocytic.

Question 7

What are the phagocytes?

Answer 7

• Sub category of leukocytes.
• use phagocytosis to bring in foreign material or debris and internalize it in a phagosome and then the phagosome is delivered to a lysosome for degradation.
• EX: macrophages, monocytes, basophils, and dendritic cells.
• EX: Technically these are all eosinophils, but the following still use phagocytoses: neutrophils,

Question 8

What are the Lymphocytes?

Answer 8

• Sub category of leukocytes.
• Recognize specific pathogens or cells that have been infected by a pathogen.
• EX: B cells, T cells, and NK cells.

Question 9

Which subcategory of leukocytes is apart of the innate immune response?

Answer 9

Granulocytes & Phagocytes

Question 10

Which subcategory of leukocytes is apart of the Adaptive ( acquired) immune response?

Answer 10

Lymphocytes

Question 11

What does the first line of defense do in the immune response?

Answer 11

• form of innate response.
• Provides anatomical (epithelial covers, like a physical barrier) and physiological barriers (Secretions making it tough for pathogens to live)
• Promotion of non-pathogenic microbes ( promote a healthier environment where good organisms can grow and out compete the pathogens.)

Question 12

What does the second line of defense do in the immune response?

Answer 12

• form of innate response
• This involves these types of leukocytes: Granulocytes, phagocytes, and NK cells.
• the target invading pathogens or altering the behavior of cells near the point of infection, to help fight off the pathogen.)
• inflammatory response.
• Complement system: a series of proteins secreted by the liver that circulates the blood and lymphatic fluid. These get activated to the signals that leukocytes secrete near the sight of infection

Question 13

What does the third line of defense do in the immune response?

Answer 13

• form of adaptive response
• more specific line of defense: The B & T cells that carry out the adaptive immune response, are targeting very specific pathogens or cells that have been infected by a pathogen.
• Consist of B cells Cytotoxic Cells, and Helper T cells.
• B cells:

Question 14

T/F there is a lot of cross over between the innate and adaptive immune responses?

Answer 14

True, dendritic cells and NK cells.
Dendritic cells: phagocytic cell type that is technically apart of the innate immune response but is key in activating B/T cells in the adaptive immune response.
- NK cells (actually known as lymphocytes) work with the innate immune system to locate and target cells that have been infected by a virus.