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Physiological Psychology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

After you stare at a bright green object for a minute and look away you see red which theory attempts to explain this finding

A

Opponent process theory

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2
Q

The law of specific nerve energies states that

A

Every stimulation of the optic nerve is perceived as light

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3
Q

According to the law of specific nerve energies the brain tells the difference between one sensory modalities and another by

A

Which neurons are active

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4
Q

Light from the right half of the world strikes which part of the retina

A

The left half

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5
Q

In comparison to the rods cones are more

A

Sensitive to detail

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6
Q

Which statement characterizes the fovea

A

It has the greatest perception of detail

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7
Q

Rods are to _____ as cones are too

A

The periphery the fovea

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8
Q

Difficulty distinguishing between ____ and ___ is the most common form of color vision deficiency

A

Red and green

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9
Q

In the human Ratna messages go from receptors at the back of the eye to

A

Bipolar cells

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10
Q

Light enters the eye through an opening in the center of the iris called the

A

Pupil

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11
Q

Chemicals that release energy when struck by light are called

A

Photo pigments

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12
Q

According to the retinex theory we perceive color by

A

Contrastingly activity in one area of the visual field that the others

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13
Q

Why do humans perceive faint light better in the periphery of the eye

A

More receptors in the periphery than in the fovea funnel input to eat ganglion cells

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14
Q

At the level of rods and cones, the ____ theory seems to fit best while at the level of the bipolar cells like the ____ theory seems to fit best

A

Trichromatic and opponent process

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15
Q

In what order does visual information pass through the retina

A

Receptor cells bipolar cells ganglion cells

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16
Q

Color and brightness constancy are best explained by the _____ theory of color vision

A

Retinex

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17
Q

In comparison to the rods are

A

More sensitive to dim light

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18
Q

According to the trichromatic theory the most important factor in determining the color we see is the

A

Relative activity short medium and long wavelength

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19
Q

Which receptors are responsible for the perception of color

A

cones

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20
Q

Which statement is true with regard to peripheral vision

A

It is easier to recognize single object in the periphery that are not surrounded by other objects

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21
Q

The name of the point at which the optic nerve leaves the retina is called the

A

Blindspot

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22
Q

The optic nerve composed of axons from which kind of cells

A

Ganglion cells

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23
Q

Why does the fovea provide the clear move detail visual information

A

It has tightly packed receptors

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24
Q

Bipolar cells send their messages to ____ which are located close to the center of the eye

A

Ganglion cells

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25
Q

The most common form of color vision deficiency is due to

A

Long and medium wavelength cones making the same photopigment

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26
Q

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision

A

Our perception of color depends on the relative activity of three types of cones

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27
Q

____modify the______ sensitivity to different wavelengths of light

A

Opsins and photopigments

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28
Q

Our chemicals that release energy when struck by light

A

Photo pigments

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29
Q

Color constancy is the ability to

A

Recognize the color of an object despite changes in lighting

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30
Q

What is responsible for sharpening contrast and visual borders

A

Lateral inhibition

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31
Q

Cortical area____ appears to be with conscious visual perception occurs

A

V1

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32
Q

What type of cell response to a pattern of light in a particular orientation anywhere within its large receptive field regardless of the exact location of the stimulus

A

Complex

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33
Q

What is one way to determine whether a given sale in the primary visual cortex is simple or complex

A

Whether it can respond equally two lines in more than one location

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34
Q

Horizontal sales receive their input _____ from and they send out put two

A

Rods and cones bipolar cells

35
Q

What is the shape of the receptive field to which a simple cell in the primary visual cortex respond

A

Bar in a particular orientation

36
Q

The ability to detect movement better than color in our peripheral vision is largely due to

A

Magnocellular neurons in the periphery

37
Q

Branches of the optic nerve go directly to what areas of the brain

A

Lateral geniculate and superior colliculus

38
Q

The lateral geniculate nucleus is part of the

A

thalamus

39
Q

Infants with cataracts need to have surgical repair

A

As early as possible

40
Q

In the visual system the ____ and ____ constantly feed information back-and-forth

A

thalamus and cortex

41
Q

In the vertebrate retina which cells are responsible for lateral inhibition

A

Horizontal cells

42
Q

The primary visual cortex since it’s information

A

To area V2

43
Q

Respond to a particular feature of a stimulus

A

Feature detectors

44
Q

V1 neurons would be most strongly activated by viewing

A

Repeating stripes on the flag

45
Q

Blind sight refers to

A

The ability to localize visual objects within an apparently blind visual field

46
Q

_____ cells axons make up the optic nerve

A

Ganglion

47
Q

Being able to detect fine detail of the color painting with depend most on which type of ganglion cells

A

Parvocellular

48
Q

Parvocellular neurons most likely receive input from

A

Bipolar cells that receive input from cones

49
Q

What is strabismus

A

A failure of the two eyes to focus on the same thing at the same time

50
Q

What would be the likely outcome of a person who was blind at birth and had vision restored later in life by the removal of cataracts

A

Trouble describing the shapes of objects

51
Q

Which cell respond most strongly to a stimulus leaving perpendicular to its axis

A

Complex

52
Q

Astigmatism refers to the

A

Asymmetric curvature of the eyes

53
Q

The primary visual cortex is also known as

A

Striate cortex

54
Q

Axons from the lateral geniculate extend to which area of the cerebral cortex

A

Occipital lobe

55
Q

The receptive field of a receptor is the

A

Point in space from which light strikes the receptor

56
Q

Cutting the left optic nerve in front of the optic chasm would result in blindness in

A

The left eye

57
Q

The optic nerves from the right and left I initially meet at the

A

Optic chiasm

58
Q

The ____ of any neural system is the area of the visual field that excites or inhibits it

A

Receptive field

59
Q

In foveal vision

A

Each ganglion cell is excited by a single cone

60
Q

Where does the optic nerve send most of it information

A

To the lateral geniculate

61
Q

In depth perception different views are received each depending on the distance of the object being viewed what is this called

A

Retinal disparity

62
Q

The one additional feature that hyper complex cells have complex cells do not is that hyper complex cells

A

Have a strong between area and one in its receptive field

63
Q

The primary visual cortex is also known as the

A

striate cortex

64
Q

a person with visual agnosia is unable to

A

recognize visual objects

65
Q

once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a ventral branch sensitive to

A

movement

66
Q

Color constancy is the ability to

A

recognize the color of an object despite changes in lighting

67
Q

According to the trichromatic theory, we can perceive only three colors. True or false

A

false

68
Q

In the vertebrate retina, which cells are responsible for lateral inhibition

A

horizontal cells

69
Q

Light energy convert 11-cis-retinal to

A

all-trans-retinal

70
Q

Astigmatism refers to the

A

asymmetric curvature of eyes

71
Q

Horizontal cells receive their input from ____, and they send output to ____-

A

rods and cones, bipolar cells

72
Q

At the level of rods and cones, the ____ theory seems to fit best, while at the level of the bipolar cells, the ____ theory seems to fit best

A

trichromatic, opponent process

73
Q

V1 neurons would be most strongly activated by viewing

A

repeating stripes on a flag

74
Q

Rods are to ____ as cones are to

A

the periphery, the fovea

75
Q

As a human, Lino is really good at detecting motion,. This is because of his

A

no cones in the periphery

76
Q

As a human, Lino is really good at detecting motion,. This is because of his

A

no cones in the periphery

77
Q

What type of cells responds to a pattern of light in a particular orientation anywhere within its large receptive field, regardless of the exact location of the stimulus?

A

Complex

78
Q

Which structure has the largest receptive fields and the greatest preferential sensitivity to highly complex visual patterns, such as faces?

A

inferior temporal cortex

79
Q

Once information is sent to the secondary visual cortex, it

A

may return to the primary visual cortex

80
Q

Cutting the left optic nerve in front of the optic chiasm would result in blindness in the

A

left eye

81
Q

Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a dorsal branch important for

A

integrating vision with action

82
Q

The optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell

A

Ganglion cells

83
Q

To see something with her best vision, Lore turned to look directly at it. This was so she could use her foveal vision. True or false

A

True

84
Q

In vertebrate retinas, receptors send their messages

A

to bipolar cells within the retina

Physiological Psychology (15 decks)

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