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Physiological Psychology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

To determine the contributions of hereditary and environment researchers rely mainland studies of monozygotic and dizygotic twins

A

True

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2
Q

Sex linked genes are usually found on the Y chromosome true or false

A

False

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3
Q

Genes become more prevalent in a population if they contribute to reproductive success true or false

A

True

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4
Q

In development neurotrophins ____. During adulthood they ____

A

Preserve neurons and increase neuronal branching

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5
Q

Why is it that every Exxon in an adult mammal has a target sale muscle cell or other neurons with which it makes synaptic contact

A

Axons that failed to find a target cell die

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6
Q

How much alcohol if any can a pregnant woman drink without worrying about the negative effects on her child

A

Unknown and therefore abstention is recommended

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7
Q

The mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome probably relates to

A

Apoptosis

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8
Q

In response to the nervous system injury neurotrophins ____

A

Increase of regrowth of damaged axons

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9
Q

Mylenation in the human brain

A

Continues well into the adult years

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10
Q

Which of the following are selective as axons form synapses with target sells

A

Both

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11
Q

The fluid filled cavity of the developing neural tube becomes the

A

Ventricular system

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12
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed mechanism of cell death

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13
Q

Early and development the nervous system begins as a

A

Tube surrounding a fluid filled cavity

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14
Q

What is signaled by nerve growth factor

A

That a target sale has accepted an axon

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15
Q

Migration requires

A

A precise chemical environment

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16
Q

What is the process called my primitive neuron begins to develop dendrites and an axon

A

Differentiation

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17
Q

An axon that does not receive enough neurotrophins from a target cell will

A

Degenerate and die

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18
Q

Proliferation is the

A

Production of new cells

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19
Q

After the migrating neuron reaches is Destination _____ begin to form

A

Dendrites

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20
Q

The areas of the cortex used by expert video game players are most likely to _____ then the same cortical areas of those who do not play video games

A

Be thicker

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21
Q

The formation of new synapses is called

A

Synaptogenesis

22
Q

Which of the following best describes the process by which developing axons find their general target areas

A

Chemical attraction

23
Q

Immature neurons experimentally transplanted from one part of the developing cortex to another

A

Develop the properties characteristic of their new location

24
Q

Alcohol suppresses the release of ___ the brains main excitatory transmitter

A

Glutamate

25
Q

Chemicals in the amphibian tectum guide the growth of axons from the retina to the correct location and the tectum by

A

Using a chemical gradient

26
Q

Roger Sperry cut a new optic nerve and rotated the guy axons from what used to be the dorsal part of the retina now located on the ventral side group back to the target areas

A

That ordinarily get input from the dorsal retina

27
Q

Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia are called

A

Stem cells

28
Q

The function of neurotrophins is to

A

Promote survival of the axon

29
Q

Which of the following best characterizes have axons arrive at the correct target cells

A

They follow chemical gradient from the target cell

30
Q

Nerve growth factor is

A

Promotes the survival and growth of the axon

31
Q

_______ Steer new axonal branches and synapses in the right direction

A

Neurotrophins

32
Q

a cortical cell originally responded to stimulation of the middle finger. After amputation of that finger, it begins responding to the second and fourth fingers. Which action most likely accounts for this?

A

Synaptic reorganization

33
Q

the results of several studies of facial expression in people who were born blind suggest

A

no role of genetics but a major role of environment in the control of facial expression

34
Q

Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete by the time of birth. True or false

A

false

35
Q

Any estimate of the heritability of a particular trait is specific to

A

a given population

36
Q

After the migrating neuron reaches its destination _____ begin to form

A

dendrites

37
Q

The concept that neurons refine their many connections based on which ones are most successful is known as

A

neural Darwinism

38
Q

Units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another are known as

A

genes

39
Q

On a given trait, high heritability suggests that

A

adopted children will closely resemble their biological parents

40
Q

which event is the most common cause of a stroke

A

ischemia from an obstruction of an artery

41
Q

the field of epigenetics deals with

A

experiences can turn genes on or off

42
Q

Group selection as an explanation for altruistic behavior would argue that

A

cooperative groups thrive better than do uncooperative groups

43
Q

Which statement best explains why males can grow breasts under certain hormonal conditions

A

Sex-limited genes become activated

44
Q

Sex-limited genes are found on

A

any chromosome

45
Q

which factor appears to be particularly important for branching of neurons during brain development?

A

physical activity

46
Q

Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia, but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia, are called ____.

A

stem cells

47
Q

Which of the following are selective as axons form synapses with target cells?

A

both axons and target cells

48
Q

After maturity, the apoptotic mechanisms become

A

dormant

49
Q

At later stages of the neuron’s development, neurotrophins

A

increase the branching of axons

50
Q

The fluid-filled cavity within the neural tube becomes the central canal of the spinal cord and the four ventricles of the brain. True or false

A

true

Physiological Psychology (15 decks)

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