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Physiological Psychology > Ch. 11- Emotional Behaviors > Flashcards

Ch. 11- Emotional Behaviors Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of an emotional response

A

behavioral, autonomic, hormonal

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2
Q

Behavioral components consists of

A

muscular movement that are appropriate to the situation that elicits them

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3
Q

Autonomic responses

A

facilitate the behaviors and provide quick mobilization of energy for vigorous movement

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4
Q

Hormonal Responses

A

reinforce the autonomic responses

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5
Q

Hormones are secreted by the

A

adrenal medulla

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6
Q

the brain area most involved with fear is

A

amygdala

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7
Q

Nucleus responsible for expression of emotional responses to aversive stimuli

A

central nucleus of the amygdala

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8
Q

what happens when excitatory amino acid glutamate is injected into the central nucleus of the amygdala

A

physiological and behavioral signs of fear and agitation

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9
Q

James-Lange theory of emotion

A

the behaviors and physiological responses are directly elicited by situations and feelings of emotions are produced by the feedback

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10
Q

Stimulus that elicits fear in most species

A

loud unexpected noises, large animal approaching, sounds or odors

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11
Q

Typical defensive responses for rats

A

freezing or behavioral arrest

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12
Q

Brain is responsible for inhibition of emotional responses

A

ventral medial prefrontal cortex

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13
Q

Advantage of threat behaviors

A

reinforce social hierarchies, organized groups/warn intruders

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14
Q

NT that inhibits aggression

A

serotonin

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15
Q

What happens when PAG is stimulated in cats

A

increased aggression/freezing behavior

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16
Q

Brain area and disgust

A

insular cortex and basal ganglia impairment to these areas cause people not to be able to recognize facial expressions of disgust

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17
Q

What NT is involved in the control of risky behavior

A

Serotonin

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18
Q

What are the 3 key roles of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex

A
  1. plays a role in regulating our responses to situations
  2. plays a role in inhibiting emotional responses
  3. inputs provide info about what is happening in the environment
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19
Q

Brain area activated during personal moral dilemmas

A

ventral medial prefrontal cortex

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20
Q

what is the limbic system

A

forebrain areas surrounding the thalamus; critical for emotion

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21
Q

behavioral activation system (BAS)

A

activity of the left hemisphere especially its frontal and temporal lobes, marked by low to moderate autonomic arousal and a tendency to approach

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22
Q

behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

A

activity of the right hemisphere of frontal and temporal lobes, increases attention and arousal, inhibits action, and stimulates emotions such as fear and disgust

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23
Q

what is turnover

A

the amount of neurons released and replaced

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24
Q

what is the bed of nucleus of the stria terminalis

A

set of axons that connect this nuclear to the amygdala, affects long-term generalized emotional arousal

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25
Q

what do Benzos bind to

A

GABA a receptor

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26
Q

what is behavioral medicine

A

emphasizing the effects on health of diet, smoking, exercise, stressful experiences, and other behaviors

27
Q

what is stress

A

nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it

28
Q

what is general adaptation syndrome

A

any threat to the body, in addition to its specific effects, activated a generalized response to stress, activity of the adrenal glands

29
Q

What is the HPA axis

A

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex; activated by stress

30
Q

What is ACTH

A

secreted by anterior pituitary gland, stimulates the human adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol

31
Q

what are leukocytes

A

white blood cells, B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells

32
Q

What are antibodies

A

secreted by B cells, Y-shaped proteins that attach to particular antigens

33
Q

what are cytokines

A

small proteins produced by leukocytes that combat infection, stimulate the vagus nerve and trigger release of prostaglandins

34
Q

What are prostaglandins

A

cross blood-brain barrier and stimulate the hypothalamus to produce fever, sleepiness, lack of energy, lack of appetite and loss of sex drive

35
Q

what is psychoneuroimmunology

A

the study of the relationship between nervous systems control over the immune system, ways experiences alter immune system and how immune system in turn influences the central nervous system

36
Q

what is the progression of the James-Lange Theory of Emotion

A

Cognitive first then action then emotion

37
Q

the limbic system has been regarded as critical for

A

emotion

38
Q

activity of left hemisphere, especially its frontal and temporal lobes relates to

A

Behavioral Activation System

39
Q

Increased activity of the frontal and temporal lobes of the right hemisphere is associated with

A

Behavioral Inhibition System

40
Q

when processing sad of frightening information the information goes to the

A

right hemisphere

41
Q

people were quicker and more accurate at identifying happy faces when it went to the

A

left hemisphere

42
Q

Damage to the prefrontal cortex causes

A

blunted emotion, except for anger and impaired decision making

43
Q

damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex

A

inconsistent preferences, less normal concern for others, no nervous tension or guilt

44
Q

Brain damage that impairs emotional feelings and responses also impairs

A

decision making

45
Q

emotion is embodies which means what

A

what you re doing affects how you are feeling

46
Q

aggression depends on

A

the ratio of testosterone to cortisol

47
Q

how do you measure serotonin turnover

A

concentration of 5-HIAA

48
Q

what is 5-HIAA

A

serotonins main metabolite, in the CSF

49
Q

How do we decrease serotonin turnover

A

social isolation and aggressive behavior

50
Q

Monoamine Oxidase A (MOA)

A

breaks down neurons release preventing excessive accumulations

51
Q

Tension of the neck is important because

A

the neck is vulnerable to injury

52
Q

what is important for enhancing the startle reface

A

amygdala

53
Q

The Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis control increases and decreases in..

A

anxiety

54
Q

The bed nucleus is critical for

A

long term adjustments of anxiety

55
Q

Individual differences in anxiety correlate strongly with?

A

amygdala activity

56
Q

Why do people with amygdala damage have trouble recognizing expressions of fear?

A

they focus vision on nose and mouth, fear is seen in the eyes

57
Q

Panic disorder is associated with increased ___ and decreased ____

A

Orexin, GABA

58
Q

Most PTSD victims have smaller than average ____

A

hippocampus

59
Q

Drugs to increase the activity of ____ inhibits anxiety

A

GABA

60
Q

Alcohol promotes the flow of

A

chloride ions through GABAa receptor

61
Q

Stress activates what 2 systems

A

sympathetic nervous system and HPA axis

62
Q

ACTH is activated by the

A

hypothalamus

63
Q

ACTH enhances

A

metabolic activity, elevates blood levels of sugar and increases alertness

Physiological Psychology (15 decks)

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