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Physiological Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

the medulla is considered part of the brain rather than part of the spinal cord because it

A

contained in the skull

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2
Q

what is the limbic system

A

a group of forebrain structures that is important for motivated and emotional behavior

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3
Q

Which part of the nervous system prepares for flight or fight

A

sympathetic

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4
Q

breathing, heart rate, vomiting, salivation, coughing and sneezing are all controlled by what

A

medulla

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5
Q

Amanda abuses opiate drugs because receptors for the opiate drugs are found in the ______. One serious side effect of an overdose would be Amanda having suppressed breathing and heart rate.

A

medulla

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6
Q

Abe has suffered damage to the right side of his cerebral cortex. As a result, he now has motor and sensory deficits on the right side of his body. True or False

A

False

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7
Q

The sweat glands, adrenal glands, and muscles that constrict blood vessels have input from only the ______ nervous system

A

Sympathetic

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8
Q

Prefrontal lobotomies were connected in the US in an attempt to

A

treat severe psychiatric disorders

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9
Q

An individual has difficult remembering certain things after brain damage but all memory stored before the damage are intact brain area most likely damaged is the what

A

Hippocampus

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10
Q

Tanya has suffered damage to her striate cortex she now experiences visual disturbances true or false

A

true

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11
Q

Hangs doctors would like to get an image of her brain her doctors decided that an MRI might be a challenge because

A

She is afraid of loud enclosed places

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12
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves does not play a role in taste in control of the tongue and throat movement

A

IX

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13
Q

Which structure provides the main source of input to the cerebral cortex

A

thalamus

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14
Q

The binding problem is the issue of how we

A

Percy visual auditory and other aspects of a stimulus as a single object

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15
Q

The nuclei for most of the cranial nerves are located in the

A

midbrain

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16
Q

The prefrontal cortex is important for working memory true or false

A

True

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17
Q

The term rhombencephalon refers to the

A

hindbrain

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18
Q

Where would you find the dorsal root ganglia

A

Outside but near the spinal cord

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19
Q

Darren is studying for a quiz he writes in his notes that his parietal lobe is important for his sense of

A

Touch

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20
Q

People with damage of the parietal cortex tend to have trouble

A

Locating objects in space

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21
Q

Amanda is studying for a quiz she writes in her notes that the _____ matter is in the center of the spinal cord and is made up of

A

gray, mainly cell bodies and dendrites

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22
Q

Sympathetic is to _____ as parasympathetic is to

A

Norepinephrine and acetylcholine

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23
Q

If you could selectively damage the individual laminae of the cortex damaged which layer would most likely affect visual sensation

A

Layer IV of the occipital cortex

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24
Q

Sympathetic is to _____ as parasympathetic is to

A

Arousal and relaxation

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25
Q

Which plane shows brain structures as they would be seen from above

A

Horizontal

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26
Q

Superior colliculus is to the ___ as inferior colliculus is to

A

Vision and hearing

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27
Q

As axons from the spinal cord enter the skull which structure do they enter

A

Medulla

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28
Q

The central nervous system is composed of the

A

Brain and spinal cord

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29
Q

In which area of the brain would you find the tectum tegmentum superior and inferior colliculi and substantial nigra

A

midbrain

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30
Q

The medulla controls a number reflexes through

A

Cranial nerves

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31
Q

One function of the thalamus is to

A

Relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex

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32
Q

Which division of the nervous system consists of neurons that deliver messages from the sensory organs to the central nervous system

A

Somatic

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33
Q

Research indicates that the behavioral effects of the cerebellum may be due to its role in

A

Focusing attention and organizing sensory inputs

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34
Q

What structure is composed of the medulla pons midbrain and certain central structures of the forebrain

A

The brainstem

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35
Q

Which plane shows brain structures as they would be seen from the front

A

Coronal

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36
Q

A function of the cerebrospinal fluid is to

A

Cushion the brain

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37
Q

The pituitary gland synthesizes and releases hormones

A

Into the bloodstream

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38
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system has

A

Long preganglionic and short post ganglionic axons

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39
Q

Sympathetic ganglia ____

A

Are closely linked and often act as a single system

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40
Q

Secretions from which gland will also affect the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland adrenal gland and ovaries and testes

A

The pituitary gland

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41
Q

Membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord are called

A

Meninges

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42
Q

Damage to the basal ganglia would most likely result in

A

A movement disorder

43
Q

The choroid plexus

A

Forms the cerebrospinal fluid

44
Q

Cell bodies of motor neurons would most likely be found in

A

Gray matter

45
Q

Which structure receives input from the hypothalamus and basil ganglia and send axons that release acetylcholine to widespread areas in the cerebral cortex

A

Nucleus basilis

46
Q

After damage to the ventral roots of the spinal cord and individual who suffer what kind of loss

A

Control of the peripheral muscles in the infected body area

47
Q

Vision is to ___ as hearing is to

A

Cranial nerve two and cranial nerve eight

48
Q

The hippocampus plays a major role in

A

Memory

49
Q

What type of pathway in the substantial nigra deteriorate and Parkinson’s disease

A

Dopamine

50
Q

If one structure is on the left side of the body and another is on the right they are said to be ____ to each other

A

Contralateral

51
Q

The nucleus basalis is a key part of the brain system for

A

Attention

52
Q

The reticular formation is contained within the

A

Brainstem

53
Q

The ascending portion of the reticular formation

A

Increases arousal and attention

54
Q

The cell bodies of sensory neurons that are in clusters of neurons outside the spinal cord are called

A

Dorsal root ganglia

55
Q

And impairment of eating drinking temperature regulation for sexual behavior suggest possible damage to which brain structure

A

Hypothalamus

56
Q

After damage to the dorsal root of the spinal cord and individual will suffer what kind of loss

A

Sensation from the affected body area

57
Q

In addition to problems with balance and coordination a person with damage to the cerebellum will likely have problems with

A

Shifting attention between auditory and visual stimuli

58
Q

You were walking after dark said noise frightened you your heart pound your heart races when you’re breathing rate increases these responses are due to your

A

Sympathetic nervous system

59
Q

Together the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system make up the ____ nervous system

A

Peripheral

60
Q

A cross-section of the spinal cord indicates that gray matter is

A

Densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites

61
Q

What causes hydrocephalus

A

Obstruction in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid

62
Q

Olfactory information is processed by the

A

Cortex via the olfactory bulbs

63
Q

Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Acetylcholine

64
Q

The cerebellum contribute to the control of what function

A

Movement

65
Q

The nuclei for cranial nerves one through four are located in

A

The midbrain and forebrain

66
Q

Meningitis is an inflammation of the

A

Membranes surrounding the brain

67
Q

Which structure provides the main source of input to the cerebral cortex

A

The thalamus

68
Q

Acetylcholine is the only neurotransmitter released by

A

The parasympathetic nervous system’s post ganglionic axons

69
Q

The spinal cord communicate with

A

Sense organs and muscles below the level of the head

70
Q

By both neural and hormonal pathways the hypothalamus regulates activity of the

A

Pituitary gland

71
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves do humans have

A

12

72
Q

Which structure is likely to be damaged in Parkinson’s disease Huntington’s disease and other conditions that impair movement

A

Basal ganglia

73
Q

Which structure consist of the medulla the ponds and the cerebellum

A

The hindbrain

74
Q

The precentral gyrus is essential for the

A

Control of find movements

75
Q

Cortical blindness may result from the destruction of

A

The occipital cortex

76
Q

If you could selectively damage the individual laminate of the cortex damaged which layer with the most likely affect visual sensation

A

Layer IV of the occipital cortex

77
Q

The prefrontal cortex is important for

A

Working memory

78
Q

Which statement is true of the cortical areas that are sometimes known as association areaa

A

They are best described as additional sensory areas

79
Q

Each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex received most of his input from the ____ Side of the body and controls the muscles on the ____ side

A

Contralateral and contralateral

80
Q

People with damage of the parietal cortex tend to have trouble

A

Locating objects in space

81
Q

The large scale integration problem is the difficulty of

A

Knowing how the areas of your brain work together to create a combined perception

82
Q

If the prefrontal cortex is damaged and individual may

A

Had difficulty remembering where they placed their keys

83
Q

The _____ monitors all the information about I head and body positions and passes it on to brain areas that control movement

A

Parietal lobe

84
Q

Which lobe seems to be especially involved in the comprehension of spoken language in humans

A

Temporal

85
Q

What is the primary area of the cerebral cortex for auditory sensations

A

Temporal

86
Q

Which part of the cerebral cortex is most important for the sense of touch

A

Parietal lobe

87
Q

What is the primary target area in the cortex for information regarding muscle stretch and joint receptors

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

88
Q

The only area of the cerebral cortex known to receive input from all sensory modalities is the

A

Prefrontal cortex

89
Q

What do the corpus callosum and anterior commissure have in common

A

They both connect the two hemispheres

90
Q

Which statement is true about laminae in the cerebral cortex

A

the laminae vary in thickness in different areas

91
Q

Neurons in the prefrontal cortex _____ the neurons in other cortical areas

A

Have more dendritic spines

92
Q

Someone who suddenly loses the ability to identify objects by feeling them has probably suffered damage to what areas of the cerebral cortex

A

Parietal lobe

93
Q

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most important for visual information

A

Occipital

94
Q

Which load contributed most to the perception of movement and recognition of faces

A

Temporal lobe

95
Q

Evoked potential’s in the brain are most likely to be detected by

A

And EEG scan

96
Q

How does the method of trans cranial magnetic stimulation of green areas differ from magnetic in activation

A

Brain activation result from mild brief magnetic stimulation

97
Q

Which meant that is dependent upon injecting a radioactive chemical into the blood to measure blood flow

A

A PET scan

98
Q

A stereotaxic instrument would most likely be used for

A

Placing an electrode in the brain

99
Q

Which technique is dependent upon the release of oxygen from hemoglobin molecule

A

And FMR Scan

100
Q

Thus far it appears that the brain feature most strongly correlated with IQ in humans is the

A

Amount of gray matter

101
Q

Computerized axial tomography creates an image from

A

X-rays

102
Q

Women on the average have a greater density of neurons in part of the brain _____

A

Temporal lobe

103
Q

An electroencephalograph measures

A

The average activity of the cells in a given region of the brain

Physiological Psychology (15 decks)

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