Chapter 5 Flashcards
A Project Schedule is used for ________
Waterfall Projects
Sprint Planning is used for _________
Agile Projects
Work Breakdown Structure is apart of ________
Scope Planning
WBS
Work Breadown Structure
A deliverables-oriented hierarchy that defines all the work of the project.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
The process of breaking down the high-level deliverables into smaller, more manageable work
Decomposition
What is the basis for estimating activity duration, assigning resources to activities, estimating work effort, and creating a budget.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Contains additional details of the deliverables than the Scope Statement does.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) starts with the project itelsf at which level?
Topmost
What is the lowest level of any Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) called?
Work Package Level
Which level of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) are resources, time, and cost estimates determined?
Work Package Level (Lowest Level)
Each level in the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) should have a ___________.
Unique Identifier
In a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), what is a numeric identifier known as?
Code of Accounts
What is this image an example of?
Code of Accounts
Where the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) levels and work ocmponent descriptions are documented
WBS Dictionary
Where should these be recorded?
WBS Dictionary
Defines how to project is executed, how you’ll measure performance, and how it’s closed
Project Management Plan
All the documents and plans you’ll be using for a project make up the __________.
Project Management Plan
Together, the scope, schedule, and cost baseline make up what’s called the ___________.
Performance Measurement Baseline
Once you have approval and sign-offs, the project management plan is __________.
Baselined
Once you have an approved Scope Statement, a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), and a WBS Dictionary, you have what is known as the ___________.
Scope Baseline
When is the project schedlue developed?
After the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is completed
What documents the planned start and finish dates of each of the tasks included on the project?
The Schedule
The total project duration is calculated once the ________ is complete
Schedule
The total project duration is calculated once the ________ is complete
Schedule
What is the foundation for developing a project schedule?
Defining the list of tasks required to complete the project deliverables
Where should each acvtivity you’ve defined be placed?
Activity List/Task List
The process of identifying dependency relationships between project activities and filing them in proper order
Sequencing
___________ are relationships between activities
Dependencies
A relationship between a project task and some factor outside the project that drives the scheduling of that task
External Dependency
A relationship between tasks within an individual project or within the organization
Internal Dependencies
Dependencies directly related to the type of work being performed. (AKA Hard Logic)
Mandatory Dependencies
A dependency that is defined by the project team and is usually a process-or-procedure-driver. (AKA Soft Logic)
Discretionary Dependency
An activity that comes before another activity
Predecessor
An activity that comes after athe activity in question
Successor
What is established so you can sequence tasks properly?
Logical Relationship
What are the four Logical Relationships?
Finish-to-Start
Start-to-Finish
Finish-to-Finish
Start-to-Start
FS
Finish-to-Start
SS
Start-to-Start
SF
Start-to-Finish
FF
Finish-to-Finish
A relationship where the successor activity cannot begin until the predecessor activity has completed. (The most frequently used Logical Relatinship)
Finish-to-Start
A relatipnship where the predecessor activity must start before the successor activity can finish
Start-to-Finish
A relatinpship where the predecessor activity must finish before the successor activity finishes
Finish-to-Finish
A relationship where the predecessor activity must start before the successor activity can start
Start-to-Start
What is the next step after the activity dependency relationships have been identified?
Creating a network diagram
Depicts the project activities and the interrelationships among these activities
Network Diagram
What is the most commonly used network diagram method?
Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM)
PDM
Precedence Diagramming Method
Uses boxes to represent the project milestones and arrows that represent activities
Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM)
Describes the times frames in which resources are available
Resource Calander
Defines a particular resource or groups of resources and may also include their skills, abilities, and quantity.
Resource Calander
What is used to examine the quantity, capability, and availability of equipment and material resources that have a potential to impact the project schedule?
Resource Calander
Also known as top-down estimating
Analogous Estimating
A technique that uses actual durations from similar tasks on a previous project
Analogous Estimation
Which task estimation method is the least accurate means of obtaining an estimate?
Analogous Estimating
A technique where the people most familiar with the work determine the estimate
Expert Judgement
A quantitatively based estimating method that multiplies the quantity of work by the rate.
Parametric Estimating
An etimating method performed by obtaining individual estimates for each project activity and then adding them all to arrive at a total estimate for the work package
Bottom-up Estimating
Major accomplishements of the project and mark the completion of major deliverables or some other key event in the project
Milestones
Tracks the sceduled dates and actual completion dates for the major milestones
Milestone Chart
What is this an example of?
Milestone Chart
PERT
Program Evaluation and Review Technique
A method that the U.S. Navy developed in the 1950s
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
Program Evaluation and Reqiev Technique (PERT) uses three-point estimates known as the ______________ to calculate estimates for task duration
Weighted Average
What three estimates does a Weighted Average consist of?
Optimistic
Pessimistic
Most LIkely
What is “If everything goes right, when is the soonest this task could be complete?” an example of?
Optimistic Estimate
What is “If things don’t go so well, what would be the longest amount of time it would take to complete this task?” an example of?
Pessimistic Estimate
What is fthe formula to calculate the weighted average?
Optimistic + Pessimistic + (4 x most likely)/6
What is “What is most likely the amount of time it will take to complete this task?” an example of?
Most Likely Estimate
a charts that is displayed as bar charts that span the entire project timeline. Displays much of the same information a Pert chart shows
Gnatt Chart
Which charts are used for large projects, and which charts are used for medium and small projects?
PERT-Large
Gnatt-Small
CPM
Critical Path Method
Determines the amount of float time for each activity on the schedule by calculating the earliest start date, earliest finish date, and latest finish date for each task.
Critical Path Method
The amount of time you can delay the earliest start of an activity without delaying the ending of the project
Float
How much floats does a task with the same early and late start dates and the same early and late finish dates have?
What are these tasks considered?
- Zero
- Critical Path Tasks
The longest full path on the project
Critical Path
Also known as buffers
Contingency Reserves
When you add a cushon of extra time to give the team some breathing room if things don’t go as planned
Contingency Reserves (Buffers)
Techniques that are used to help resolve schedule slippage
Duration Compression
What are the two Duration Compression techniques?
Crashing
Tracking
A Duration Compression technique that is implemented by adding more resources to the critical path tasks in order to complete the project more quickly. Can also be used by requiring manditory overtime.
Crashing
A Duration Compression technique that performs multiple tasks in parallel that were previously scheduled to start sequentially
Fast Tracking
This is used when resources are overallocated, when they are only available at certain times, or when they are assigned to more than one activity at the same time?
Resource Leveling
Attempts to balance out the resource assignments to get tasks completed without overloading the individual. You adjust the start and finish dates of schedule activities based on the availability of resources.
Resource Leveling
What accomodates resource availability by modifying activities within their float times without changing the critical path or project end date?
Resource Smoothing
A technique that requires the resources to be scheduled in reverse order in order to assign the key resource at the correct time
Reverse Resource Allocation Scheduling
The final approved version of ahte project schedule that includes the start and finish dates and resource assignments
Schedule Baseline
Used when there are changes to noncritical path tasks.
Revisions
What is used to determine quality checks at strategic points in the project and ensure that the work is accurate and meets quality standards?
Quality Gates
What is used as additional approval checkpoints or go/no-go decision points during a project?
Governance Gates
Three types of Governance Gates
Client Sign-Offs
Management Approval
Legislative Approval
What helps assure adherense to the schedule, agreements to the dates, and agreements to resource commitments?
Sign-Offs
MVP
Minimum Viable Product
_____________ perform work in short, frequent cycles
Agile Methodologies
Large units of work (or large User Stories) such as a business requirement or features that are not usually well-defined. Contains big ideas or concepts that are not fully defined
Epic
What does a sprint kick off with?
Sprint Planning Meeting
Estimating Techniques in Agile begin with breaking down epics into _________, and then from that into ___________.
User Stories
Individual Tasks
The total cumulative hours all the team members make up together
Team Days
Iterations are also know as
Sprints
_________ are usually two to four weeks in length
Shorts (aka Iterations)
What shows the remaining time and work effort for the iteration, and can also be used to display remaining work for small projects?
Burndown Chart
A unit of measure agreed on by the team and asre used to estimate the amount of work to complete a user story
Story Points
Used in Scrum to determine how long it willtake to complete the backlog
Velocity
Reflects the speed at which the team is working
Velocity
If your average velocity is 25 story points and your project has 200 story points, how many iterations will it take to complete the project?
8 Iterations
If your average velocity is 10 story points, your project has 60 story points, and you iterations are 2 weeks in duration, how many weeks will the total duration of the project be?
12 Weeks
Your team can complete 1 user stories in 3 day. If you have 90 user stories total, how many days will it take to complete?
270 days
What pulls work from the backlog according to the team’s capacity to perform the work?
Kanban
Kanban is a visual process where the work is displayed on a board known as a _______.
Kanban Board
When a Kanban is performed, when a work is pulled from the backlog, this is known as __________.
On-demand Scheduling (Pull-based scheduling)
What is this an example of?
Kanban Board
How many cards is an Architect limited to?
5
How many cards is a Developer limited to?
5
How many cards is a Quality Assurance (QA) limited to?
3
What does the project team use to keep track of work in a Scrum methodology?
Scrum Board (aka Task Board)
What is the difference between a Scrum Board and a Kanban Board?
Scrum Boards only shows the work of the Sprint and is only used by that one team working on the Sprint.
Kanban Boards are used by all the teams working on the project.
What is this an example of?
Scrum Board
What is this an example of?
Burndown Chart
A method you can use to accommodate large projects using an agile development methodology in order to define releases, which are usually a significant feature or portion of functionality that will exist in the final product
Agile Release Planning
What is this an example of?
Agile Release Planning
