Chapter 4.2

Question 1

T/F- More than 50% of world’s population live in cities

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T/F- By 2050, 68% of the global population is expected to be in cities

Answer 2

True

Question 3

How many residents must live in a city for it to classify as a megacity?

Answer 3

10 million

Question 4

Densely populated regions that include cities and the suburbs that surround them are known as

Answer 4

Urban areas

Question 5

The migration of people to large cities; sometimes also defined as the growth of urban areas is defined as

Answer 5

Urbanization

Question 6

The amount of CO2( and other greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change) released to the atmosphere by a person, company, nation, or activity is known as

Answer 6

Carbon Footprint

Question 7

What are some advantages of the trade-offs of urbanization?

Answer 7

• lower impact per person due to smaller homes
  -less traveling
• higher energy efficiency in stacked housing than in freestanding buildings
  -more transportation options
  -closer proximity to destinations, walking distance
• easier to implement zoning ordinances
  -more job opportunities
• more services for citizens, education and cultural opportunities

Question 8

What are some disadvantages of the trade-offs of urbanization?

Answer 8

• Dependence on food and resource inputs from outside the city
• Concentrated wastes that have to be transported away
  -Urban heat island effect, which increases energy needs and can have health consequences
• Traffic congestion and its associated air pollution due to high population densities
• possibly higher disease and violence in concentrated inner-city areas
  -higher cost of living
  -less green space

Question 9

The right of everyone to a safe and healthy environment and a voice in policies that impact their environment is known as

Answer 9

Environmental Justice

Question 10

T/F- Minorities and low-income communities are more likely to suffer environmental injustice than other communities

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What term displaces farmland and natural areas; an area where residents often have a higher per capita environmental impact than urban dwellers.

Answer 11

Suburban Sprawl

Question 12

The process of people leaving an inner-city area to live in surrounding areas

Answer 12

Urban Flight

Question 13

Low-population-density developments that are built outside of a city

Answer 13

Suburban Sprawl

Question 14

Towns beyond the immediate suburbs whose residents commute into the city for work

Answer 14

Exurbs

Question 15

A natural area such as a park or an undeveloped landscape containing grass, trees, or other vegetation in an urban area, usually set aside for recreational use

Answer 15

Green Spaces

Question 16

A city designed to improve environmental quality and social equity while reducing its overall environmental impact

Answer 16

Green City

Question 17

Strategies that help create walkable communities with lower environmental impacts

Answer 17

Smart Growth

Question 18

The development of empty lots within a city

Answer 18

Infill Development

Question 19

Construction and operational designs that promote resource and energy efficiency and provide a better environment for occupants

Answer 19

Green Building

Question 21

The certification program awards a rating (standard, silver, gold, or platinum) to buildings that include environmentally sound design features is known as

Answer 21

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

Question 22

What type of buildings use - energy and water efficiently
-sustainable resources
- and have high indoor environmental quality

Answer 22

LEED buildings

Question 23

one type of rain garden, an area seeded with plants suited to local temperature and rainfall conditions are known as

Answer 23

Green Roofs

Question 24

What are some benefits of green roofs?

Answer 24

-Saving millions in annual cooling costs
- Reduction in greenhouse gases
- Reduction in storm water run-off
- Reduction of the urban heat island effect

Question 25

A city where at least 10 million residents live is known as a

Answer 25

Megacity

Question 26

What are the societal benefits of a urban green space?

Answer 26

• Community pride and participation
• Higher property values
• Lower crime rate

Question 27

What are the health benefits of a urban green space

Answer 27

• Physical activity opportunities
• Relaxation and rejuvenation
• social interactions

Question 28

What are the environmental benefits of a urban green space

Answer 28

• Trees absorb CO2 and offset greenhouse gas emissions
• Unpaved areas reduce stormwater runoff and flooding
• Wildlife habitat
• Reduced urban heat island effect

Question 29

What are other benefits of green spaces not listed above?

Answer 29

• Provide habitat for wildlife
• Help mitigate against the urban heat island effect
• Reduce storm water runoff
• Absorb air pollution and help offset greenhouse gas emissions
• Increase property values

Question 31

T/F-A bird species in crisis reveals the intricacies of ecosystems and communities

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What year did urban population become larger than rural populations?

Answer 32

2008

Question 33

What expressway in South Bronx facilitated commuting, and resulted in many white citizens moving to suburbs

Answer 33

The Cross Bronx Expressway

Question 34

T/F- homes get larger with distance from urban centers

Answer 34

True