Chapter 4.2 Flashcards
T/F- More than 50% of world’s population live in cities
True
T/F- By 2050, 68% of the global population is expected to be in cities
True
How many residents must live in a city for it to classify as a megacity?
10 million
Densely populated regions that include cities and the suburbs that surround them are known as
Urban areas
The migration of people to large cities; sometimes also defined as the growth of urban areas is defined as
Urbanization
The amount of CO2( and other greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change) released to the atmosphere by a person, company, nation, or activity is known as
Carbon Footprint
What are some advantages of the trade-offs of urbanization?
- lower impact per person due to smaller homes
-less traveling - higher energy efficiency in stacked housing than in freestanding buildings
-more transportation options
-closer proximity to destinations, walking distance - easier to implement zoning ordinances
-more job opportunities - more services for citizens, education and cultural opportunities
What are some disadvantages of the trade-offs of urbanization?
- Dependence on food and resource inputs from outside the city
- Concentrated wastes that have to be transported away
-Urban heat island effect, which increases energy needs and can have health consequences - Traffic congestion and its associated air pollution due to high population densities
- possibly higher disease and violence in concentrated inner-city areas
-higher cost of living
-less green space
The right of everyone to a safe and healthy environment and a voice in policies that impact their environment is known as
Environmental Justice
T/F- Minorities and low-income communities are more likely to suffer environmental injustice than other communities
True
What term displaces farmland and natural areas; an area where residents often have a higher per capita environmental impact than urban dwellers.
Suburban Sprawl
The process of people leaving an inner-city area to live in surrounding areas
Urban Flight
Low-population-density developments that are built outside of a city
Suburban Sprawl
Towns beyond the immediate suburbs whose residents commute into the city for work
Exurbs
A natural area such as a park or an undeveloped landscape containing grass, trees, or other vegetation in an urban area, usually set aside for recreational use
Green Spaces
A city designed to improve environmental quality and social equity while reducing its overall environmental impact
Green City
Strategies that help create walkable communities with lower environmental impacts
Smart Growth
The development of empty lots within a city
Infill Development
Construction and operational designs that promote resource and energy efficiency and provide a better environment for occupants
Green Building
The certification program awards a rating (standard, silver, gold, or platinum) to buildings that include environmentally sound design features is known as
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
What type of buildings use - energy and water efficiently
-sustainable resources
- and have high indoor environmental quality
LEED buildings
one type of rain garden, an area seeded with plants suited to local temperature and rainfall conditions are known as
Green Roofs
What are some benefits of green roofs?
-Saving millions in annual cooling costs
- Reduction in greenhouse gases
- Reduction in storm water run-off
- Reduction of the urban heat island effect
